| 再生稻促芽追肥机研制 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐红梅,徐正,杨浩,王启超,张国忠.再生稻促芽追肥机研制[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(14):12-20. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐红梅 徐正 杨浩 王启超 张国忠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070；2. 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉 430070 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662022GXYJ003)；湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目（T201934） |
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| 摘 要： | 再生稻再生季促芽肥的用量较小，因此对排肥器排量准确性和排肥均匀性具有较高要求。现有再生稻追肥机械较难满足再生稻促芽肥追施准确性和均匀性要求的问题。该研究综合槽轮排肥器和齿式排肥器的优点，结合具有较好分气性能的导流板式分气装置，设计了一种可与再生稻收割机配合使用的气力式再生稻促芽追肥机。追肥机采用两级排肥器进行排肥，主要由上方槽轮与下方多组齿式排肥轮组成。首先根据常用促芽肥外形尺寸确定了两级排肥器中槽轮、齿式排肥轮的主要结构参数，然后通过理论计算结合离散元仿真试验，确定了槽轮与齿式排肥轮转速的最佳传动比为1∶1.8，此时排肥器排肥最均匀，断条现象发生较少，肥料无堆积。对分气装置进行仿真模拟试验发现，随着导流板开口角度的增大，各排气口流速一致性变异系数先降低后增大，当开口角度为48°时，变异系数最小，为5.65%，此时分气装置各排气口流速差异最小、分气效果最优，各排气口平均风速为19.37 m/s，满足设计要求。对两级排肥器进行离散元仿真试验发现，在10～20 r/min转速范围内，各排肥口排肥量一致性变异系数随转速的增大先减小后增大，最大值为2.57%，满足施肥标准中各行排肥量一致性变异系数小于7%的要求。最后，以小粒径尿素为试验材料，以排肥槽轮转速为试验因素，以排肥速率、各行排肥量变异系数、排肥均匀性变异系数为评价指标，进行样机排肥性能试验。结果表明：在10～20 r/min转速范围内，排肥速率随排肥槽轮转速的增加而增大，排肥速率变化范围为672.9～1447.6 g/min，可与收割机作业速度相匹配；各行排肥量一致性变异系数为2.14%～3.09%，各排肥口排量均匀性变异系数为20.99%～27.01%，均满足NY/T1003-2006追肥机械作业标准要求。研究结果可为再生稻追肥机设计提供重要参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 离散元 农业机械 再生稻 促芽追肥 排肥装置 风送输肥 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/7 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/7/1 0:00:00 |
Development of the fertilizer applicator for promoting ratoon rice buds |
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| Xu Hongmei,Xu Zheng,Yang Hao,Wang Qichao,Zhang Guozhong.Development of the fertilizer applicator for promoting ratoon rice buds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(14):12-20. |
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| Authors: | Xu Hongmei Xu Zheng Yang Hao Wang Qichao Zhang Guozhong |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070 China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: A more harsh accuracy of fertilizer amount and uniform discharge can be highly required for the ratoon rice in the regeneration season. There is a relatively small amount of bud-promoting fertilizer at present. However, current fertilization machinery for the ratoon rice can hardly meet the control demand of accurate and uniform fertilization. Here, a pneumatic fertilizer applicator was designed to promote ratoon rice budding. The fluted and toothed fertilizer apparatus were combined with the guiding plate for excellent air distribution properties. A ratoon rice harvester was used coordinately to increase the fertilization width, as well as the control accuracy of fertilization amount and homogeneity. Two-stage fertilizer apparatus was also used to perform the fertilization operation. There were the above-fluted roller and the below-toothed fertilizer discharging roller in the fertilizer applicator. During the fertilization, the fluted roller was responsible for the quantified discharge of fertilizer, while the toothed fertilizer discharging roller was to reduce the breaking rate of fertilization strips for better continuity of fertilization. The main structural parameters were then determined for the fluted roller and toothed fertilizer discharging roller, according to the shape and size of common bud-promoting fertilizers. An appropriate transmission ratio was also determined to adjust the speed of the fluted roller and toothed fertilizer discharging roller. As such, the upper fertilization mass was consistent with the lower fertilization mass. The theoretical calculation and discrete element method were finally utilized in the simulation test. It was found that the optimal transmission ratio of the two rollers was determined as 1:1.8, which reduced the breaking rate of fertilization strips and the heaping phenomenon of fertilizer. Afterward, the atmolysis performance of the air distributor was tested by the CFD simulation. The CFD simulation revealed that the variation coefficient of the consistency of airflow in each outlet decreased first and then increased with the increase of the opening angle of the guiding plate. The minimum variation coefficient was 5.65% at the opening angle of 48°. The optimal air distribution was achieved under the least difference in the air flow among different outlets. Simultaneously, the average air flow rate of the outlets was 19.37 m/s, which fully met the design requirement. Therefore, the optimal opening angle of the guiding plate was determined to be 48°. Subsequently, the fertilizer discharge performance of the two-stage fertilizer apparatus was examined by the discrete element simulation tests. Once the rotating speed of the fluted roller ranged from 10 to 20 r/min, the variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilization mass in each outlet decreased first and then increased with the maximum of 2.57%, which was fully meet the requirement of a variation coefficient lower than 7% in each fertilization row. Finally, a bench test of the fertilization performance was carried out with the small-particle-size urea as the test material, the rotating speed of the discharge wheel as the test factor, while the discharge rate, the variation coefficient of fertilizing mass of each row, and the variation coefficient of the discharge uniformity as the evaluation indices. The results demonstrate that the rate of fertilizer discharge increased with the increasing rotating speed of the fertilizer discharge wheel, and the fertilizer discharge rate ranged from 672.9 to 1447.6 g/min at the rotation speed of 10-20 r/min. There was a better match with the driving speed of the harvester. Moreover, the variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilization mass in each row was 2.14%-3.09%, and that of the discharge uniformity of each discharge port was 20.99%-27.01%, all of which satisfied the requirements of the NY/T1003-2006 fertilization machinery standards. The findings can also provide an important reference to design the fertilization machinery for the ratoon rice. |
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| Keywords: | discrete element agricultural machinery ratoon rice fertilizing for bud promoting fertilizer distribution apparatus pneumatic conveying fertilizer |
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