| 有机肥氮投入比例对香蕉生长及主要品质影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李跃森,吴水金,张帅,林宝妹,李海明,邱珊莲.有机肥氮投入比例对香蕉生长及主要品质影响[J].土壤,2022,54(2):247-254. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李跃森 吴水金 张帅 林宝妹 李海明 邱珊莲 |
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| 作者单位： | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家土壤质量数据中心观测监测项目（ZX02S140103）；福建省农业科学院自由探索项目(AA2018-11) |
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| 摘 要： | 探讨有机肥替代氮素在总氮投入中的不同比例对香蕉生长发育及主要品质的影响，可进一步揭示不同供肥模式与香蕉生长发育、果实主要品质等相关性，为找出最佳的有机肥替代比例提供理论支持。于福建漳州国家土壤质量数据中心观测监测点连续多年进行香蕉连作试验，其中，对照处理(CK)不施任何肥料，其他处理氮素施入量均为N 630 kg/hm2，以商品有机肥(MN)作为有机肥氮素代替不同比例的无机肥氮素(CN)，按照有机肥氮素占总氮投入的百分比，设置3个处理，分别为M0 (3/3 CN)、M1 (2/3 CN+1/3MN)和M2 (3/3 MN)。通过比较分析2018年和2019年2年香蕉农艺性状、生育期和成熟果实主要品质等，研究不同有机肥氮替代比例对香蕉生长发育及主要品质的影响。结果表明：(1)M0处理和M1处理香蕉维持较高的生长势，生育期较短，产量明显高于M2处理，较高的有机肥氮替代比例明显限制了香蕉植株和果实的生长发育。(2)有机肥替代化肥提高了香蕉果实存储品质和风味品质，有机肥氮替代比例越高香蕉转色速率越快，货架期也相应延长，同时增加成熟果实可溶性糖含量，糖酸比提升明显。(3)土壤氮含量与香蕉风味品质...
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| 关 键 词： | 香蕉 有机肥 氮 生长发育 品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/5/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/7/19 0:00:00 |
Effects of Ratio of Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen Input on Banana Growth and Main Quality |
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| LI Yuesen,WU Shuijin,ZHANG Shuai,LIN Baomei,LI Haiming,QIU Shanlian.Effects of Ratio of Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen Input on Banana Growth and Main Quality[J].Soils,2022,54(2):247-254. |
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| Authors: | LI Yuesen WU Shuijin ZHANG Shuai LIN Baomei LI Haiming QIU Shanlian |
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| Institution: | Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
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| Abstract: | To explore the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer instead of nitrogen in total nitrogen input on banana growth and development and main quality, it can further reveal the correlation between different nitrogen supply patterns and banana growth and development, fruit flavor quality, etc., in order to find the best organic replacement ratio of fertilizer and nitrogen provides theoretical support.Banana continuous cropping experiments were conducted at the observation and monitoring point of Zhangzhou National Soil Quality Data Center in Fujian for consecutive years.Among them, the control treatment (CK) does not apply any fertilizer, and the other treatment nitrogen application rate is N630 kg/hm 2.Use commercial organic fertilizer as organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen in different proportions, according to the percentage of organic fertilizer nitrogen in total nitrogen input, set three treatments, namely M0 (3/3CN), M1 (2/3CN+ 1/3MN) and M2 (3/3MN).By measuring and analyzing the agronomic traits of bananas and the flavor and quality of ripe fruits, the effects of different organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution ratios on banana growth and main quality were compared and analyzed.The results show that 1) M0 and MI treatments maintained high growth potential, with shorter growth periods and significantly higher yields than M2 treatments. The higher organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution ratio significantly restricted the growth and development of banana plants and fruits.2) The substitution of organic fertilizer for inorganic nitrogen improves the storage quality and flavor quality of banana. The higher the ratio of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacement, the faster the banana color change rate and the longer the shelf life. obvious.3) The soil nitrogen content is highly correlated with the formation of banana flavor and quality. The soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of the ripe banana fruits are extremely significantly or significantly negatively correlated with the soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content. The banana titratable acid content and soil Nitrate nitrogen content was significantly positively correlated. The higher the available nitrogen content in the soil, the lower the banana sugar content, the corresponding increase in acidity, and the corresponding decrease in flavor quality.4) Most volatile components in ripe banana fruits are esters, which account for 93.36%-98.66% of the total volatile components.M1 treatment has the highest content of 10 ester compounds, including isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, 2-methyl propyl butyrate, isobutyl isovalerate .The ester and isoamyl isobutyrate are significantly higher than the other three treatments, while the content of isoamyl acetate and alcohol compounds is lower.In summary, under the general level of soil basic fertility, especially when the soil available nitrogen content is low, a large proportion of organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen significantly limits the growth and development of bananas, reducing banana yield per plant, but improving banana storage quality And flavor quality. Under normal fertilization levels, to maintain high banana yields, the proportion of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers should not be too high. Comprehensive consideration, M1 treatment in this experiment is the best fertilization method. |
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| Keywords: | banana organic fertilizer nitrogen growth and development quality |
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