| 黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米起垄覆盖集水效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 李永平,杨改河,冯永忠,康建宏,吴宏亮.黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米起垄覆盖集水效应[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):59-65. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李永平 杨改河 冯永忠 康建宏 吴宏亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100;陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心,杨凌,712100
2. 宁夏大学农学院,银川,750021 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家林业局948引进项目（2006-4-11）；国家十一五科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD09B00）；农业公益性行业科研专项（200803028） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了选择黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米种植最佳集水技术，采用5种不同处理方法（秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜膜侧种植、起垄无膜、无垄覆膜和常规耕作）对土壤蓄水量和玉米的生理特性进行分析。结果表明：不同处理间土壤蓄水量、叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）以及产量性状等指标均存在差异，以起垄覆膜膜侧种植为最优种植模式，其耕作层土壤蓄水量在抽雄期（8月9日）比对照高72.3%；整个生育期叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率分别比对照平均高16.95%、9.77%和16.21%，籽粒产量比对照提高27.28%。表明各种起垄覆盖集水模式对黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米种植均具有增产效果，其中起垄覆膜膜侧种植集水效应最好，增产效果最优，是该区大面积推广的最佳耕作模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 垄作 集水技术 覆膜 玉米 黄土风蚀区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008/4/23 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2009/3/30 0:00:00 |
Catchment effect of ridging and mulching in maize field in soil wind erosion area of Loess Plateau |
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| Li Yongping,Yang Gaihe,Feng Yongzhong,Kang Jianhong and Wu Hongliang.Catchment effect of ridging and mulching in maize field in soil wind erosion area of Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(4):59-65. |
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| Authors: | Li Yongping Yang Gaihe Feng Yongzhong Kang Jianhong and Wu Hongliang |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Agronomy;Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University;Yangling 712100;China;2. The Research Center for Recycling Agricultural Engineering Technology of Shaanxi Province;3. College of Agronomy;Ningxia University;Yinchuan 750021;China |
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| Abstract: | In order to find out the optimal catchment technology of maize planting in soil wind erosion area of Loess Plateau, soil moisture and physiological characteristics of maize were analyzed by five different planting modes which were straw mulch, planting beside filmed ridges, planting on un-filmed ridges, planting on filmed non-ridges and conventional tillage. The results showed that there were differences among soil moisture, chlorophyll content of leaf, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rates, water use efficiency and yield characters of different treatments, and planting beside filmed ridges was the optimal planting mode. Soil moisture of cultivated layer with planting beside filmed ridges was 72.3% higher than that with conventional tillage during teaseling stage (August 9). The chlorophyll content of leaf, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate were 16.95%, 9.77% and 16.21% higher than those of conventional tillage, respectively. The grain yield with planting beside filmed ridges was 27.28% higher than that with conventional tillage during the whole growth period. The study shows that all the catchment modes of ridging and mulching can increase maize grain yield in soil wind erosion area of Loess Plateau, and the catchment effect of the mode of planting beside filmed ridges is the best, the yield-increasing effect is optimal. The mode of planting beside filmed ridges is the optimal planting mode which is worth to be extensively extended in the area. |
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| Keywords: | ridging cultivation catchment technology film mulching maize soil wind erosion area |
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