| 病原青枯菌土壤存活的影响因素研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 马超,杨欣润,江高飞,张勇,周开胜,韦中.病原青枯菌土壤存活的影响因素研究进展[J].土壤学报,2021,58(6):1359-1367. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马超 杨欣润 江高飞 张勇 周开胜 韦中 |
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| 作者单位： | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036;江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高新技术研究重点实验室, 作物免疫重点实验室, 国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心, 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095;西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715;蚌埠学院土木与水利水电工程学院, 安徽蚌埠 233030 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31700452，32071628，41922053和42090060）和农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室开放基金（FECPP201901）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 土传青枯病是一种毁灭性的细菌性病害，广泛分布于热带、亚热带和温带地区，严重威胁世界粮食安全。病原青枯菌主要从土壤中侵染作物根系，其在土壤中存活能力强，因此防治极为困难。明确病原青枯菌土壤存活的关键影响因素有助于开发高效阻控土传青枯病的措施。国内外学者在青枯菌的土壤存活方面开展了大量研究，但由于影响青枯菌土壤存活的因素复杂，而相关研究多围绕单一因素展开，缺乏针对青枯菌土壤存活规律和影响因素的系统性认识。本文系统梳理了青枯菌的自身特性（基因、行为和代谢产物）及土壤生物、非生物因素对其在土壤中存活的影响，阐明了青枯菌在寄主存在时土体存活、向寄主根表方向运动迁移时根际存活以及入侵寄主根系时根表存活的主要影响因子，以期为土传青枯病的系统阻控提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 青枯菌 细菌土壤存活 个体特性 群体特性 土壤生物环境 土壤非生物环境 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/8/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/10/19 0:00:00 |
Research Progresses on Key Factors Affecting Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum in Soils |
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| MA Chao,YANG Xinrun,JIANG Gaofei,ZHANG Yong,ZHOU Kaisheng,WEI Zhong.Research Progresses on Key Factors Affecting Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum in Soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(6):1359-1367. |
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| Authors: | MA Chao YANG Xinrun JIANG Gaofei ZHANG Yong ZHOU Kaisheng WEI Zhong |
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| Institution: | Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;Center of Environment Science Experiment of College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China |
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| Abstract: | Ralstonia solanacearum is a kind of soil-borne bacteria destructive to agricultural crops. As it is extensively distributed in the tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, it seriously threatens food safety of the world. In the world, a large number of scientists have devoted their efforts to studying bacterial wilt and R. solanacearum, but few have done a systematic research because there are so many factors contributing to the survival of R. solanacearum and most of the researches focus on a single factor only. Therefore, it is essential to identify what are the key factors that influence R. solanacearum survival in the soil to gaining some valuable insights into management and control of the soil-borne diseases. Nevertheless, the factors are multifarious and their dynamics in soil systems together with their effects on R. solanacearum remain poorly explored. Herein, this paper aimed to primarily collate the effects and traits of R. solanacearum, as well as soil biotic and abiotic factors on the survival of R. solanacearum in soil. To achieve this goal, this paper first reviewed researches on impacts of individual and population characteristics of R. solanacearum, and then those on interactions of soil biotic and abiotic factors on R. solanacearum, especially reports on their roles in controlling soil-borne plant diseases. In the next section, this paper put forth an outlook for control of plant pathogenic R. solanacearum in future in light of the problems existing currently in this aspect. The traits of R. solanacearum include gene, behavior, and metabolite; soil biotic factors, such as populations and community structures of soil nematode, protozoan, bacteria, fungi, and specialized phage; and soil abiotic factors, such as root exudate, soil nutrients (i.e. N, P, and K), and soil physiochemical properties (i.e. pH, density, and temperature). Similarly, R. solanacearum survival in soil has three aspects:survival in the non-rhizospheric soil adjacent to the host plant, survival in the rhizosphere of the host plant, and survival on the root surface of the host plant. Hence, it is suggested that future researches be oriented towards investigation of R. solanacearum survival in soil and exploration of measures and practices of preventing soil-borne diseases. Therefore, future efforts should be accordingly devoted firstly to investigations of influences of soil microorganism, soil fungal communities, and general phage on R. solanacearum survival in soil. Soil microorganisms, such as earthworm and mite are important components of the soil food web, which can significantly change the above-mentioned biotic factors of R. solanacearum in soil together with soil structure. Secondly, it is essential to clarify how R. solanacearum dynamic in soil responds to climate change. Climate change, such as warming and drought can directly influence R. solanacearum survival by regulating soil temperature and moisture, and indirectly by affecting growth of the host plants. Thirdly, mathematical models should be constructed as soon as possible for predicting survival rate of R. solanacearum in soil. This is essential due to the multifarious nature and complexity of the factors influencing R. solanacearum survival in soils. Hence, mathematical models might be the only tools to clearly assess these elements with designed objects and parameters. The models can even assess relative contribution of each factor to R. solanacearum survival separately under certain conditions and further distinguish key influencing factors. And fourthly, it is important to comprehensively investigate influencing factors while controlling the soil-borne disease in the field. This is a result of manipulating the factors influencing R. solanacearum survival in soil. At the end, more, attention should be paid to irrigation schemes. Irrigation may significantly affect effectiveness of the measures or practices of preventing the bacterial wilt due to its substantial R. solanacearum introduction to the field. |
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| Keywords: | Ralstonia solanacearum Survival of bacteria in soil Individual characteristics Population characteristics Soil biotic factors Soil abiotic factors |
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