| 以砂鱼蜥头部为原型的仿生深松铲尖设计与离散元仿真 |
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| 引用本文： | 张智泓,甘帅汇,左国标,佟金.以砂鱼蜥头部为原型的仿生深松铲尖设计与离散元仿真[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(9):33-42. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张智泓 甘帅汇 左国标 佟金 |
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| 作者单位： | 昆明理工大学农业与食品学院,昆明650500;吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022;吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（52065031、51605210）、昆明理工大学课外学术科技创新基金项目（2020YB278）和昆明理工大学分析测试基金项目（2019T20140038、2019M20182214012、2019M20182214014） |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决传统深松机具触土部件破土困难、耕作阻力大等问题，以砂鱼蜥头部为仿生原型，采用逆向工程技术对其特殊几何特征进行提取，将量化后的几何结构特征应用于深松铲尖的设计，以期减小深松铲作业阻力和能耗。依据不同特征曲面，设计了3种仿生铲尖试样，并与凿型铲尖试样进行性能对比。建立离散元模型，求解不同铲尖垂直贯入土壤阻力；制备试样，通过万能试验机进行土壤垂直贯入实测试验；将模拟结果和实测试验结果进行对比，结果表明离散元仿真分析和实测试验结果吻合较好，最大贯入阻力的相对误差为2.47%～3.91%。使用离散元法分析仿生铲尖和凿型铲尖（T-S）在土壤分层情况下的相互作用，证实仿生铲尖比凿型铲尖具有更低的所需牵引力，其中仿生铲尖B-S-2减阻效果最好，相对于凿型铲尖，其减阻率为8.34%～19.31%。离散元分析揭示砂鱼蜥头部仿生曲线特殊的曲率变化对破土阻力有显著影响，仿生铲尖改变了土壤颗粒的流动方向，减小了铲尖上方土壤扰动范围，从而降低所需牵引力。在3种作业速度和3种耕作深度下对阻力的仿真结果与土槽试验结果进行对比，误差为10.83%～17.06%。
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| 关 键 词： | 深松铲 砂鱼蜥 仿生 逆向工程 离散元 减阻 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/4/26 0:00:00 |
Bionic Design and Performance Experiment of Sandfish Head Inspired Subsoiler Tine |
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| ZHANG Zhihong,GAN Shuaihui,ZUO Guobiao,TONG Jin.Bionic Design and Performance Experiment of Sandfish Head Inspired Subsoiler Tine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):33-42. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Zhihong GAN Shuaihui ZUO Guobiao TONG Jin |
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| Institution: | Kunming University of Science and Technology; Jilin University |
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| Abstract: | Sandfish (Scincus scincus) has remarkable ability of moving forward swiftly below ground in a swimming-like manner. The special geometrical feature of its head plays an important role in its excellent low soil resistance behavior. To reduce soil breaking resistance and energy consumption of conventional subsoiler, sandfish was studied and its head was chosen as the bionic prototype. Firstly, the reverse engineering approach was adopted to extract the special geometrical feature curves of sandfish head. Then the feature curves were applied for the bionic design of the subsoiler tine. Depending on the quantity of feature curves and complexity of the geometrical models, three types of bionic subsoiler tines (B-S-1, B-S-2, B-S-3) were designed and compared with the traditional tine (T-S). Afterwards, the discrete element model (DEM) was used to investigate and compare the forward resistance of subsoiler tines. To validate the DEM simulation results, experimental samples were prepared for vertical soil penetration test. The results derived from discrete element simulation were compared with the real experimental investigation. The results showed that the simulation result agreed well with the real tests, and the relative errors were 2.47%~3.91%. Therefore, the discrete element method could accurately predict the soil resistance on subsoiler tines. On the basis of the validated DEM model, simulations were further conducted to investigate the interaction between soil and subsoiler tines (B-S-1, B-S-2, B-S-3,T-S). It was found that all of the bionic subsoiler tines had lower forward resistance and vertical force compared with traditional one. At the operational speed of 0.8m/s and under the condition that the tillage depth was 300mm. As compared with T-S, the drag resistance of B-S-1, B-S-2 and B-S-3 was decreased, respectively. Meanwhile, the vertical resistance was decreased, respectively. The B-S-2 had the lowest forward and vertical resistance. As compared with T-S, forward resistance was reduced by 8.34%~19.31%. Therefore, it had optimum resistance reduction performance. The simulation results revealed that the special curvature changes of the sandfish head had an important effect on the resistance. With the bionic subsoiler tines, the flow pattern of soil particles was optimized. In consequence, soil disturbance area was decreased and soil resistance was reduced. Compared with the results of soil bin experiments and simulations, the relative errors were 10.83%~17.06%. |
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| Keywords: | subsoiler sandfish bionic reverse engineering discrete element drag reduction |
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