A Review of Carbon and Nitrogen Processes in Four Soil Nitrogen Dynamics Models |
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| Institution: | 1. USDA-ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA;2. USDA-ARS, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, 2300 Experiment Station Rd, Bushland, TX, 79012, USA;3. USDA-ARS, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA;4. USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA;1. Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, 4111, Australia;2. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Agri-Science Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia;1. Institute of Forestry & Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia;2. Department Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia;3. Department Environmental Protection, Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia;4. Department Botany, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia;5. Irstea, Hydrosystems & Bioprocesses Research Unit, Antony, France;1. UMR211 Agronomie, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France;2. UMR1048 SAD-APT, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France;3. Arvalis-Institut-du-Végétal, Station expérimentale de la Jaillière, 44370 La Chapelle Saint-Sauveur, France;4. Arvalis-Institut-du-Végétal, 3 rue Joseph & Marie Hackin, 75116 Paris, France;1. Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanjing 210014, China;2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;3. School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;4. School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;5. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;1. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada;3. Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Four soil nitrogen dynamics models are reviewed and compared. These models are SOILN from Sweden, ANIMO from The Netherlands, DAISY from Denmark and SUNDIAL from the UK. The constituent processes are analysed with particular reference to the equations used in each of the models. Processes considered are surface application (as fertilizer, manure or slurry, atmospheric deposition and deposition or incorporation of dead plant material), mineralization/immobilization (between organic and inorganic forms), nitrification (from ammonium to nitrate), nitrate leaching, denitrification (to N2O and N2) and uptake by plants. Sources of information for model parameters are also reviewed and compared with values assumed in the models. Rate coefficients are comparable for most transformation processes, except denitrification where a further more detailed study is required. Assumptions about the effects of temperature and soil water content on transformation rates are compared, and shown to be broadly similar in all models. Previous applications of the models have been mainly for arable land receiving mineral fertilizer; an assessment of their applicability to grassland receiving animal manure and slurry suggests that they are suitable for this application with only minor modifications. |
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