| 不同施肥模式对马铃薯云薯401生长及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李燕山,姚春光,普红梅,张磊,杨琼芬,白建明,桑月秋,隋启君.不同施肥模式对马铃薯云薯401生长及产量的影响[J].广西农业科学,2014,45(9):1608-1611. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李燕山 姚春光 普红梅 张磊 杨琼芬 白建明 桑月秋 隋启君 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,昆明650205;云南省马铃薯工程技术中心,昆明650205
2. 云南省农业科学院院办公室,云南昆明,650205 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目，“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划项目，云南省马铃薯产业技术体系育种岗位专家项目，云南省马铃薯育种及种薯繁育技术创新团队建设项目，云南省十二五科技攻关项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]研究相同施肥量下不同施肥模式对马铃薯生长及产量的影响,为建立适宜云薯401高产优质栽培的较佳施肥模式提供参考.方法]以云薯401为研究对象开展田间试验,以50％ N＋100％ P＋100％K做基肥,苗期追施50％N处理为对照,另设苗期和蕾期分期施肥等6个不同NPK配比施肥处理,各处理基础施肥量相同,均按尿素300kg/ha、普钙1125 kg/ha、硫酸钾600 kg/ha施用,测定各处理生长及产量指标.结果]苗期追施50％N ＋30％K处理的马铃薯株高最高,为91.0 cm,极显著高于其他处理（P＜0.01,下同）;各处理间马铃薯主茎数、分枝数和差异均不显著（P＞0.05,下同）;分期施肥处理与对照处理之间单株结薯数差异不显著;苗期追施50％ N＋50％ P＋30％K处理的茎粗（1.15cm）显著低于其他处理（P＜0.05,下同）;苗期追施50％N＋30％P＋30％K的处理茎粗为1.61 cm,显著高于对照处理;苗期追施50％ N＋30％ P＋30％K的处理产量最高（43311.0 kg/ha）,其次是分苗期追肥（50％ N＋50％ K）和蕾期追肥（20％N＋20％K）的处理（41809.5 kg/ha）,两个处理产量均显著高于常规对照处理.结论]云薯401可以在苗期追施少量磷肥,在苗期或苗期和蕾期分次进行氮肥和钾肥的追施都有利于提高其产量和商品率.苗期追50％N＋30％P＋30％K的施肥以及苗期追肥（50％ N＋50％ K）、蕾期追肥（20％N＋20％K）模式可作为云南省滇东北马铃薯主产区及其类似生态区云薯401高产高效栽培的施肥模式.
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| 关 键 词： | 马铃薯 施肥模式 生长 产量 云薯401 Yunshu401 |
Effects of different fertilization modes on growth and yield of potato Yunshu401 |
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| Institution: | LI Yan-shan, YAO Chun-guang , PU Hong-mei, ZHANG-Lei, YANG Qiong-fen, BAI Jian-ming, SUI Qi-jun. (1Industrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricuhural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; 2Potato Engineering Technology Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; 3Administration Office of the Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricuhural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China) |
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| Abstract: | Objective ]The effects of the same fertilizer rate under different fertilization modes on potato growth and yield were studied to provide references for establishing a suitable and better fertilization mode for Yunshu401 with high yield and good quality. Method ]Using Yunshu401 as the research object, the field test was carried out, with conventional fertilization for 50% N＋100% P＋100% K as basic fertilizer, seedling topdressing 50% N as the control, and six different NPK ratio fertilization treatments in seedling and budding stage. The basis of the same amount of fertilizer was 300 kg/ha urea, 1125 kg/ha calcium superphosphate, and 600 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertil- izer. The growth and yield indicators of various treatments were determined. Result ]The test results showed that at seedling stage topdressing 50% N＋30% K processing, potato plant height was the highest （91.0 cm）, signifi- cantly higher than that of other treatments （P〈0.01, the same below）. No significant difference was seen among the processed potato stem and branch number. The difference of tuber number per plant between staging fertilization and the control was not significant. Stem diameter（ 1.15 cm） with seedling topdressing 50% N＋50% P＋30% K processing was significantly lower than that of other treatments （P〈0.05, the same below）. Stem diameter （1.61 cm） with seedling topdressing 50% N＋30% P＋30% K was significantly higher than that of the control. Seedling topdressing 50% N＋ 30% P＋30% K had the highest yield （43311.0 kg/ha）, followed by sub-seedling fertilizer （50% N＋50% K） andthe bud of fertilizer （20% N＋20% K） treatment （41809.5 kg/ha）, which were significantly higher than the control. Conclusion]Yunshu401 topdressed a small amount of phosphate fertilizer at seedling stage in the seedling stage or seedling and budding stage, graded topdressing nitrogen and potash is beneficial to improve the yield and the commodity rate. At seedling stage topdressing 50% N＋30% P＋30% K |
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| Keywords: | potato fertilization modes growth yield Yunshu401 |
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