| 西湖平原区连续13年定位施肥对麦、稻产量及土壤肥力的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐祖祥.西湖平原区连续13年定位施肥对麦、稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):16-21. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐祖祥 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.浙江省杭州市植保土肥总站,浙江杭州 310020 |
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| 摘 要： | 以浙江省水网平原水稻主产区土壤为对象，通过定位试验，研究了连续13年的不同施肥处理对麦稻产量、土壤养分状况和物理性状的影响。结果表明，化肥配施有机肥可显著提高麦、稻产量; 不同施肥处理的长期定位试验土壤有机质含量和全氮均呈上升趋势，增幅依次为: 栏肥+NPK秸秆+NPKNPK秸秆栏肥CK处理; 土壤碱解氮和速效磷也呈增加趋势，以栏肥+NPK处理的增幅最为明显。土壤物理性状的分析表明，长期施肥均能明显增加土壤水稳性团粒含量和土壤孔隙度。经土壤养分平衡分析，栏肥+NPK、秸秆+NPK和NPK处理的氮和磷呈现盈余，秸秆和CK处理氮和磷亏缺; 栏肥+NPK和秸秆+NPK处理钾基本平衡，NPK、秸秆、栏肥和CK处理钾严重亏缺。长期定位试验进一步证明有机肥与氮、磷、钾化肥长期配合施用可实现当地农作物持续稳产，农田施肥管理要注意适当减少氮、磷投入，增加钾肥施用量，保持农田土壤养分平衡。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机肥 化肥 施肥 产量 土壤肥力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2010-04-09 |
Influences of consecutive 13-year long-term fertilization on yields of rice and wheat and soil fertility in Xihu Plain |
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| XU Zu-xiang.Influences of consecutive 13-year long-term fertilization on yields of rice and wheat and soil fertility in Xihu Plain[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(1):16-21. |
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| Authors: | XU Zu-xiang |
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| Institution: | 1.The General Station of Plant Protection,Soils and Fertilizers,Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture,Hangzhou 310020,China |
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| Abstract: | The consecutive 13-year long-term fertilization trials with six fertilization treatments in Xihu plain were conducted to explore influences of long-term fertilization on the yields of single-cropping late rice and winter wheat and soil fertility. The results show that yields of wheat and rice are increased significantly under the application of chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure. The results of soil nutrient analysis show that contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen are gradually increased with experimental time among the all treatments. The highest value of soil organic matter content is observed in the treatment of the application of manure plus chemical fertilizers, which is 25.8% more than that at the beginning of the trials. Among the six treatments, the content of soil organic matter are increased in the order of manure plus chemical fertilizers (NPK)> straw mulching plus chemical fertilizers (NPK) > chemical fertilizers (NPK) > straw > control. The results of soil physical analysis show that there are significant rising trends in soil water-stable granular structure and total soil porosity during 13 years in all fertiliation treatments, which is beneficial to the improvement of soil physical characteristics. Soil nutrient balance analysis on consecutive 13-year fixed-location fertilization indicate that NPK plus manure, NPK plus straw and NPK treatments have a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus, while straw and control treatments show deficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus. NPK plus manure and NPK plus straw show balances of input and output of potassium in soils, while NPK, straw, and control treatments show deficiencies of potassium in soils. The consecutive fixed-location fertilization suggests that the application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure could increase crop yield and improved soil fertility. The increasing application of potassium fertilizer would help the balances of nutrients in soils. |
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| Keywords: | organic manure chemical fertilizer fertilization yield soil fertility |
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