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Fungal toxins affect the fitness and stable isotope fractionation of Collembola |
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| Authors: | Swantje Staaden Alexandru Milcu Stefan Scheu |
| Institution: | a Institute for Zoology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany b NERC Centre for Population Biology, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom c Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073 Göttingen, Germany |
| Abstract: | We investigated the effect of the fungal toxin sterigmatocystin on the fitness and stable isotope fractionation of two Collembola species (Folsomia candida and Heteromurus nitidus) feeding on mixed vs. single diets. Four knock out mutants of Aspergillus nidulans with the sterigmatocystin production blocked at different steps along the biosynthetic pathway were combined in mixed diets with either the high quality fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides or the low quality fungus A. nidulans (wildtype). Using fungi labeled with stable isotopes (13C and 15N) we evaluated the incorporation of carbon and nitrogen from individual fungi. We hypothesised that (i) Collembola fitness decreases with the putative toxicity of the fungi (ii) Collembola benefit from ingestion of mixed diets due to toxin dilution and (iii) fractionation of 13C and 15N is more pronounced in more toxic diets. Mixed diets did not uniformly improve fitness. Toxin dilution, however, played an important role in Collembola fitness. The fractionation of 13C and 15N varied with sterigmatocystin mutant strains, and Collembola species often differed from the expected enrichment per trophic level. The results show that fungal toxin production may affect stable isotope fractionation, presumably by altering consumer excretion rates necessary for detoxification. |
| Keywords: | Carbon incorporation Stable isotopes Springtail fitness Fungal secondary metabolites Optimal foraging |
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