Resistance to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin along with detoxifying enzyme activities in field-collected female populations of European red mite |
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| Authors: | Nabi Alper Kumral Hilal Susurluk Nimet Sema Gençer Mehmet Oktay Gürkan |
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| Institution: | (1) Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey;(2) Bursa Province Directorate of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 16170 Hürriyet, Bursa, Turkey;(3) Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Dışkapı, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | The levels of susceptibility of populations of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) collected from apple orchards in the Bursa region of Turkey to the insecticides chlorpyrifos
and lambda-cyhalothrin, were determined by a petri leaf disk—Potter spray tower method. When compared with the susceptible
population, resistance ratios at the LC50 level ranged from 6.0- to 35.6-fold, and from 0.7- to 5.7-fold for chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Kinetic
parameters of general esterase activity with α-naphthyl acetate as substrate indicated that an increased activity was present
in the resistant populations compared with the susceptible populations. In these strains, 1.5- and 2.2-fold higher Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) activity was also detected with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. General esterase activity gel
profiles of these populations were studied by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but no relationship between resistance
ratios and band patterns was detected. The results of this study document a decreased efficacy of chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin
in field populations of P. ulmi in Turkey, possibly linked to altered activities of esterases and GST. |
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| Keywords: | General esterase Glutathione S-transferase Insecticide resistance Organophosphates Panonychus ulmi Synthetic pyrethroids |
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