| 摄食水平对几种重要海水养殖鱼类生长和氮收支的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙丽华,陈浩如,黄洪辉,黄良民.摄食水平对几种重要海水养殖鱼类生长和氮收支的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(3):470-478. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙丽华 陈浩如 黄洪辉 黄良民 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东,广州,510301;中国科学院大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站,广东,深圳,518121
2. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东,广州,510301;农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东,广州,510301 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家基金重点项目，广东省科技厅重大科技专项资助项目，农业部渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金，广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金，中国科学院南海海洋研究所青年人才领域前沿项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文研究了不同摄食水平（从饥饿至饱食）军曹鱼幼鱼（平均初始体重10.0g）、青石斑鱼幼鱼（平均初始体重5.5g）和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼（平均初始体重7.7g）的生长和氮收支，建立了生长和氮排泄与摄食水平的回归方程。结果表明，军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势，在9%和饱食两个摄食水平之间无显著性差异，而青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的特定生长率随摄食水平增加呈线性增长趋势；饱食时，青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的生长速率接近而明显低于军曹鱼幼鱼的。军曹鱼幼鱼食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加呈先增长后下降的趋势，在9%/d摄食水平组有最大值，而青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而持续增长，在饱食摄食水平时有最大值；饱食时，军曹鱼和青石斑鱼幼鱼的食物转化效率接近而明显高于卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的。3种海水鱼摄食氮、排粪氮、生长氮和氮排泄均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势；比较可知，军曹鱼幼鱼的摄食氮和氮排泄均最大，而青石斑鱼幼鱼的最小。军曹鱼、青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饱食和次饱食摄食水平时的氮收支方程分别为100CN = 7.7(6.0)FN + 22.6(31.31)GN + 69.7(62.68)UN、100CN = 2.7(2.8)FN + 20.9(8.4)GN + 76.4(88.8)UN和100CN = 1.8(1.4)FN + 12.8(9.3)GN + 85.4(89.3)UN（氮收支方程括号中的为次饱食数据）；3种海水鱼饱时和次饱食时摄食氮中用于排粪的比例较小且变化不大，军曹鱼次饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例较饱食时的大而用于排泄的比例较饱食时的小，青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的则相反。因此，鱼类的氮排泄率和氮收支方程存在种间差异，而当食物中氮含量较为接近时，摄食量增大是导致鱼类氮排泄增加的主要原因之一。综合考虑生长、食物转化效率、氮排泄和氮收支方程各因素，可得出在实验的生长阶段，3种海水养殖鱼中，军曹鱼幼鱼的最佳摄食水平为次饱食摄食水平（9%/d或约为饱食摄食水平的70%），而青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的最佳摄食水平为饱食摄食水平。
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| 关 键 词： | 军曹鱼 青石斑鱼 卵形鲳鲹 生长 氮收支 摄食水平 |
| 收稿时间： | 5/4/2008 10:51:07 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2/12/2009 3:03:12 PM |
Effects of ration on growth and nitrogen budgets of several important marine cultured fishes |
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| SUN Lihu,CHEN Haoru,HUANG Honghui and HUANG Liangmin.Effects of ration on growth and nitrogen budgets of several important marine cultured fishes[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2009,33(3):470-478. |
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| Authors: | SUN Lihu CHEN Haoru HUANG Honghui and HUANG Liangmin |
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| Institution: | South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,, |
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| Abstract: | Growth and nitrogen budget of young cobia (average initial body weight 10.0g), young Epinephelus awoara (average initial body weight 5.5g) and young ovate pampano (average initial body weight 7.7g) at different ration levels (from starvation to satiation) were studied, and the relationships between growth as well as nitrogenous excretion and ration were established in this paper. The results showed that as ration increased specific growth rate (SGR) of young cobia increased with a decelerating pattern and there was no significant difference of SGR between satiation and sub-satiation (9% per day) ration, but SGR of young Epinephelus awoara and young ovate pampano increased with a linear pattern. Among three fish species SGR of young Epinephelus awoara and young ovate pampano was similar but much slower than that of young cobia. As ration increased feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of young cobia first increased, peaked at 9% per day ration and then decreased, but FCE of young Epinephelus awoara and young ovate pampano increased along and peaked at satiation ration. Among three fish species FCE of young cobia and young Epinephelus awoara at satiation ration was similar, but much higher than that of young ovate pampano. Food nitrogen (CN), faeces nitrogen (FN), growth nitrogen (GN) and excretion nitrogen (UN) all increased with increased ration for three fish species. CN and UN were most for young cobia and least for young Epinephelus awoara. The nitrogen budgets of young cobia, young Epinephelus awoara and young ovate pampano at satiation and sub-satiation ration were 100CN = 7.7(6.0)FN + 22.6(31.31)GN + 69.7(62.68)UN, 100CN = 2.7(2.8)FN + 20.9(8.4)GN + 76.4(88.8)UN and 100CN = 1.8(1.4)FN + 12.8(9.3)GN + 85.4(89.3)UN (the data in bracket expressed those at sub-satiation ration), respectively. Both the proportions of feed nitrogen lost in faeces and the variations of the proportions for three fish species were small. For young cobia at sub-satiation ration (9% per day) the proportion of feed nitrogen stored as growth was more than and the proportion of feed nitrogen lost in nitrogen was less than those at satiation ration, but contrary for young Epinephelus awoara and young ovate pampano. So among three fish species nitrogenous excretion and nitrogen budget had an interspecific difference, and increased feed consumption was one of the major reasons for increased excretion nitrogen when diets contained approximate nitrogen content. Based on the specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, nitrogenous excretion and nitrogen budget it could be concluded that the suitable feeding level was sub-satiation ration (9% per day) or about 70% of satiaton ration for young cobia and satiation ration for young Epinephelus awoara and young ovate pampano at this growth stage. |
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| Keywords: | cobia (Rachycentron canadum) yellow grouper (Epinephelus awoar) ovate pampano (Trachinotus ovatus L ) growth nitrogen budget ration effect |
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