Nitrogen nutrition and adaptation of glycophytes to saline environment: a review |
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| Authors: | Muhammad Ashraf Sher Muhammad Shahzad Muhammad Imtiaz Muhammad Shahid Rizwan Muhammad Saleem Arif Rizwana Kausar |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China;3. Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan;4. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan;5. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Relations between nitrogen (N) nutrition and salinity tolerance in plants are multifaceted and varies significantly depending on many soil and plant factors. Saline environment might experience an N dilemma due to the opposing effects of salt ions on N uptake, translocation and metabolism within the plant body. Adequate regulation of N under saline conditions can be a promising approach to alleviate salinity’s effects on plants by ameliorating ion toxicity and nutrient imbalances through its impacts on the uptake and redistribution of salt ions within the plant. Certain N-containing compounds including proline, glycine betaine, proteins and polyamines help the plants to tolerate salinity through their involvement in improving water uptake and water use efficiency, membrane integrity, enzyme activation, hormonal balance, chlorophyll synthesis, stimulation of photosystems and CO2 assimilation under salinity stress. Nitrogen, particularly NO3? represents a stress signal that triggers the activation of antioxidant enzymes to protect the plants against salinity-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the source/form of N application can affect not only N-interactions but also the behavior of other nutrients in stress environment. The present review deals with N-salinity relations in plants, particularly glycophytes, emphasizing on N-induced mechanisms which can improve plant adaptation to saline environment. |
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| Keywords: | Ion toxicity nitrogen forms nitrogen metabolism nutrient imbalance salinity tolerance |
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