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The effect of organic manuring and water quality on water transmission parameters and sodication of a sandy loam soil |
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| Authors: | SR Poonia Raj Pal |
| Institution: | 1. UNDP Centre of Excellence in Soil and Water Management, Hissar India;2. Department of Soils, Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar India |
| Abstract: | Water transmission characteristics under saturated and unsaturated conditions were studied in a sandy loam soil with (F1) and without (F0) long-term farmyard manure (FYM) treatments, in relation to sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) and electrolyte concentrations of water. The effect of FYM and ratios of Ca2+ : Mg2+ in water at a given SAR on sodication of the soil was also studied.Saturated hydraulic conductivity (k) and weighted mean diffusivity () were slightly higher for F1 than for F0, whereas sodication indices like Gapon constant (KG), Krishnamoorthy-Davis-Overstreet constant (KKDO) and Vanselow constant (KV) were slightly smaller. The k and decreased with an increase of SAR and decrease of electrolyte concentration, the effect of SAR being more pronounced. There was proportionately a sharper decrease in the k and values at SAR 10 with total electrolyte concentrations of 10–40 meq 1?1. However, with a total electrolyte concentration of 80 meq 1?1, there was a smaller drop at SAR 10.A small difference in the build-up of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in F1 and F0 treatments at a given SAR suggests that, apart from slightly improving water transmission parameters, the use of FYM also reduces the sodication hazard in a soil irrigated with sodic waters. An increase in the Ca2+ : Mg2+ ratio from 25:75 to 75:25 slightly decreased the values of KG, KKDO and KV, thus indicating somewhat more preference for Ca2+ to Mg2+ at a given SAR, which was more so in F1 soil. This fact could also be expressed in terms of a slight shift of thermodynamic exchange constant (K) and standard free energy change of the exchange reaction (ΔG0r). The presence of some unidentified Na+ releasing minerals in the soils studied was observed and correction for exchangeable Na+ determination applied. |
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