| 探讨品种间差异改良作物水分利用效率 |
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| 引用本文： | 梅旭荣,钟秀丽,刘晓英.探讨品种间差异改良作物水分利用效率[J].作物学报,2013,39(5):761-766. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梅旭荣 钟秀丽 刘晓英 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 / 国家作物高效用水与抗灾减损工程实验室 / 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number: 30871447) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant number: 2011AA100501). |
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| 摘 要： | 提高水分利用效率是缓解水资源危机实现作物可持续生产的重要策略。本文对叶片尺度的瞬时WUE和单株尺度WUE的品种间差异，瞬时WUE到田间尺度WUE的尺度转换，以及瞬时WUE与产量之间的关系进行了讨论。瞬时WUE具有较大的遗传变异性，在亏水条件下品种间差异更显著。在禾谷类作物上，气孔导度与瞬时WUE密切相关。单株尺度WUE在亏水条件下品种间差异显著，足水条件下差异相对较小。气孔导度是影响单株尺度WUE的重要性状，品种之间气孔对水分亏缺的敏感性差异较大。瞬时WUE向田间尺度WUE的尺度转换不仅受到冠层阻力和边界层阻力的制约，还受土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾比率以及同化物分配模式的影响。瞬时WUE与产量的关系决定于环境的水分条件，在作物生长发育主要依靠土壤中储存水分的干旱条件下，瞬时WUE高对获得高产有利。相反，在水分条件较适宜的地区，高瞬时WUE性状不利于高产。
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| 关 键 词： | 水分利用效率 产量 水分亏缺 品种差异 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-08-23 |
Improving Water Use Efficiency of Crops by Exploring Variety Differences |
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| MEI Xu-Rong
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ZHONG Xiu-Li
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LIU Xiao-Ying.Improving Water Use Efficiency of Crops by Exploring Variety Differences[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(5):761-766. |
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| Authors: | MEI Xu-Rong ZHONG Xiu-Li LIU Xiao-Ying |
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| Institution: | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Improving water use efficiency (WUE) is considered to be an important measure for mitigating the conflict between water resource crisis and sustainable crop production. In this review, variety differences in WUE at different time-space scales, the scaling-up of WUE, and the association between WUE and yield are discussed. WUEintrinsic (WUEi) shows wide genotypic variability, in particular, under water deficit conditions. Variation in WUEi seems to be associated rather with variation in stomatal conductance in cereals. WUEplant (WUEp) differed larger among genotypes under water deficit conditions, in contrast with the smaller difference under well-watered conditions. Stomatal conductance is a determinant trait affecting WUEp based on the studies performed up to date. Genotypes differ largely in stomatal conductance in response to water deficit. Scaling-up of WUE between leaf level and field population level is limited by canopy and boundary layer resistances, partition of water use between soil evaporation and plant transpiration and the internal allocation pattern of biomass. High WUEi associated with low stomatal conductance can result in a considerable yield gain in a dry, stored-moisture, environment but it is likely to be disadvantageous in terms of yield in more favorable growth environments. |
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| Keywords: | Water use efficiency Yield Water deficit Variety difference |
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