| 急性氨氮胁迫对淇河鲫幼鱼脑、鳃、肝、肾组织结构的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴利敏,徐瑜凤,李永婧,李燕锋,马晓,王磊,刘慧芬,袁淑仪,杨慧,李学军.急性氨氮胁迫对淇河鲫幼鱼脑、鳃、肝、肾组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,2020,27(7):789-800. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴利敏 徐瑜凤 李永婧 李燕锋 马晓 王磊 刘慧芬 袁淑仪 杨慧 李学军 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南师范大学水产学院, 河南 新乡 453007 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31702316）；河南省教育厅重点科研项目（18A240002，17A240002）；河南师范大学博士科研启动基金项目（qd16158）. |
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| 摘 要： | 随着养殖密度的增加，过量投喂产生的残饵和大量代谢废物在水中积累，并通过氨化作用转化为氨态氮在水体中富集，对鱼类的抗氧化系统、呼吸及神经系统均存在较大的危害。本研究以6月龄淇河鲫（）幼鱼体重（15±2）g]为实验对象，研究水体中过量氨氮（50 mg/L、100 mg/L、150 mg/L、200 mg/L、250 mg/L、300 mg/L）对淇河鲫脑、鳃、肝、肾的组织学损害。结果发现，淇河鲫安全养殖的氨氮浓度为16.6 mg/L，超过安全浓度后随着氨氮浓度的升高及氨氮胁迫时间的延长，脑神经纤维结构被破坏的程度增大，神经细胞体出现不同程度坏死；鳃小片也出现不同程度的萎缩聚拢，鳃丝基部充血肿大，鳃丝间隔增大，上皮细胞排列紊乱，泌氯细胞和上皮细胞出现不同程度的空泡化，超显微观察发现，鳃小片出现萎缩，上皮细胞脱落，细胞表面分泌物增多；肝组织中心静脉周围肝细胞排列出现不同程度的紊乱，肝小叶轮廓模糊不清且间距增大，肝细胞排列疏松，细胞核出现不同程度的偏移、溶解，细胞表面粗糙且分泌物增多；肾组织出现淋巴细胞浸润和扩散、肾小囊腔膨大、肾小管腔缩小的现象，甚至出现了肾小球坏死。以上结果表明高浓度氨氮对淇河鲫幼鱼的神经、呼吸及代谢相关器官均存在不同程度的损害。因而，在淇河鲫大规模养殖过程中，应严格监测水体中氨氮浓度，践行绿色、健康养殖模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 淇河鲫 急性氨氮胁迫 显微结构 鳃小片 肾小囊 肝小叶 |
Effects of acute ammonia nitrogen exposure on brain, gill, liver, and kidney histology of Qi River crucian carp (Carassius auratus) |
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| WU Limin,XU Yufeng,LI Yongjing,LI Yanfeng,MA Xiao,WANG Lei,LIU Huifen,YUAN Shuyi,YANG Hui,LI Xuejun.Effects of acute ammonia nitrogen exposure on brain, gill, liver, and kidney histology of Qi River crucian carp (Carassius auratus)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2020,27(7):789-800. |
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| Authors: | WU Limin XU Yufeng LI Yongjing LI Yanfeng MA Xiao WANG Lei LIU Huifen YUAN Shuyi YANG Hui LI Xuejun |
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| Institution: | College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China |
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| Abstract: | With increasing fish density in aquaculture systems, residual bait and a large amount of metabolic waste from over-feeding are accumulated in the water. These are then converted into ammonia nitrogen through ammonization. This, in turn enriches the water body, and does harm to the nervous, respiratory, and antioxidant systems of fish. The present study was conducted on Qi river crucian carp () larvaebody weight (15±2) g] to investigate the histological damage of excessive ammonia nitrogen (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 250 mg/L, and 300 mg/L) on brain, gill, liver, and kidney tissues. The results showed that the highest safe ammonia nitrogen concentration was 16.6 mg/L. Once the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was higher than the safe concentration, the structure of nerve fibers in brain tissue was destroyed, and the secretory and Sertoli cells showed different degrees of necrosis; the gill lamella showed different degrees of atrophy and aggregation, the base of gill filaments was congested and swollen, and the space between gill filaments was enlarged. Ultramicroscopic observation revealed that the sputum smear appeared atrophied, epithelial cells fell off, and secretion on the cell surface increased. As for the liver, the arrangement of hepatocytes around the central vein of liver tissue presented different degrees of disorder, the contours of hepatic lobules were blurred, and the nuclei showed different degrees of migration and dissolution. Ultramicroscopic observation showed that after 96 h of ammonia nitrogen stress, the distance between the hepatic lobules increased, the arrangement between hepatocytes was lost, the surface of cells was rough, and secretions increased. In the kidney, renal cysts were enlarged, lymphocytes exhibited infiltration and spreading, renal tubular lumen shrinkage was more serious, and glomerular necrosis occurred. The above results indicate that high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen cause different degrees of damage to the nerves, respiratory, and metabolic-related organs of Qi River crucian carp. Thus, the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen in high-density culture cannot be ignored. Therefore, we should strictly monitor the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the culture water body and practice green and healthy cultivation. |
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| Keywords: | Qi River crucian carp () acute ammonia stress microstructure renal capsule branchial lamella hepatic lobule |
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