| 青花椒采收机环切式穗枝分离装置设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 邵伟兴,王圆明,吴瑜,宋树民,庞有伦,李英.青花椒采收机环切式穗枝分离装置设计与试验[J].农业工程,2020,10(12):78-83. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邵伟兴 王圆明 吴瑜 宋树民 庞有伦 李英 |
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| 作者单位： | 重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 |
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| 基金项目： | 重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目（项目编号：cstc2019jscx-gksbX0109） |
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| 摘 要： | 青花椒采收过程中，果皮上散生多数突起的油苞极易破裂导致果实干后变黑，有效成分挥发而严重影响质量。青花椒的油苞破损程度直接影响其品质，在保证花椒低油苞破损率的前提下，为实现花椒机械化采收，基于枝条环切原理，设计了一种花椒采收机的穗枝分离装置。通过理论分析得到影响采收效果的结构参数和作业参数，并根据花椒枝条物理特性和加工经济性进行优化。选取环切式穗枝分离装置的环切刀刃口角度、环切刀转速和枝条进给速度为试验因素，以花椒采收效率和油苞破损率作为评价指标，进行了单因素试验及二次正交旋转组合试验。采用响应曲面法对试验结果进行分析并找出主控因素，运用Design-Expert软件的多目标优化算法进行参数优化。结果表明，枝条进给速度是影响花椒采收效率和油苞破损率的主要因素，枝条进给速度与花椒采收效率成正比关系。各因素对花椒采收效率和油苞破损率的影响程度由大到小依次为枝条进给速度＞环切刀转速＞环切刀刃口角度。随着枝条进给速度的增加，花椒采收效率迅速提高，花椒油苞破损率先缓慢增加后急剧增加。随着环切刀转速的增加，花椒采收效率并无明显增加，在枝条进给速度＜0.4 m/s时，花椒油苞破损率随环切刀转速增加先小幅减小后趋于平稳最后小幅增加，在枝条进给速度＞0.4 m/s时，花椒油苞破损率随环切刀转速增加平稳减小。该装置最优参数组合:环切刀转速2 800 r/min，枝条进给速度0.45 m/s，环切刀刃口角度25°。样机田间试验表明，花椒采收效率和油苞破损率分别为50.7 kg/h和6.7%，优于目前人工采摘作业效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 花椒采收 穗枝分离 环切 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/11/2 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/11/2 0:00:00 |
Design and Experiment of Device for Ring-cut Cluster Branch Separation Unit of Green Prickleyash Picking Machine |
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| SHAO Weixing,WANG Yuanming,WU Yu,SONG Shumin,PANG Youlun,LI Ying.Design and Experiment of Device for Ring-cut Cluster Branch Separation Unit of Green Prickleyash Picking Machine[J].Agricultural Engineering,2020,10(12):78-83. |
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| Authors: | SHAO Weixing WANG Yuanming WU Yu SONG Shumin PANG Youlun LI Ying |
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| Abstract: | During harvest of green pricklyash，most of protruded oil glands on peel are easy to break，which causes fruit to turn black after dry，and effective components volatilize，which seriously affects quality.Damage degree of oil bud of green pricklyash directly affects its quality.In order to realize mechanized harvesting of green pricklyash，under premise of ensuring low damage rate of oil bud，based on principle of branch loop cutting，a kind of spike and branch separation device of green prickleyash harvester was designed.Structural parameters and operation parameters affecting the harvest were obtained through theoretical analysis.According to physical characteristics and machining economy of branches，structural parameters and operating parameters were optimized.Angle of ring cutting edge，speed of ring cutting tool and feeding speed of branch were selected as experimental factors.Harvest efficiency and damage rate of oil bud were used as evaluation indexes.Single factor and quadratic orthogonal rotation combination tests were carried out.Response surface method was used to analyze test results，and multi-objective optimization algorithm of Design-Expert software was used to optimize parameters.Results showed that，main factors affecting harvest efficiency and damage rate of oil bracts were feeding rate of branches.Effects of various factors on harvesting efficiency and damage rate of oil bracts were in descending order from the top to the bottom:feeding speed of branches＞revolving speed of ring cutting＞angle of ring cutting edge.With increase of feeding speed of branches，harvesting efficiency increased rapidly，and damage of oil bud increased sharply after first slow increase.With increase of rotary speed of ring cutter，harvest efficiency did not increase obviously.When feeding speed was less than 0.4 m/s，damage rate of oil bud decreased slightly at first，then stabilized，and finally increased slightly with increase of rotary speed of ring cutter.When feeding speed was greater than 0.4 m/s，damage rate of oil bud decreased steadily with increase of rotary speed of ring cutter.Optimal parameter combination of the device was as follows:rotation speed of ring cutter was 2 800 r/min，feeding speed of branches was 0.45 m/s，and angle of ring cutting edge was 25°.Field experiment with prototype showed that harvesting efficiency and damage rate of oil bract was 50.7 kg/h and 6.7% respectively，which were better than current manual picking. |
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