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| 施氮和豌豆/玉米间作对土壤无机氮时空分布的影响 | |
| 引用本文： | 吴科生,宋尚有,李 隆,孙建好,包兴国,李伟绮.施氮和豌豆/玉米间作对土壤无机氮时空分布的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(12):1397-1404. |
| 作者姓名： | 吴科生 宋尚有 李 隆 孙建好 包兴国 李伟绮 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃农业大学农学院 兰州 730070; 武威市农业技术推广中心 武威 733000; 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 兰州 730070 2. 甘肃农业科学研究院旱地农业研究所 兰州 730070 3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院/教育部植物与土壤相互作用重点实验室 北京 100094 4. 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 兰州 730070 |
| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B10)和国家自然科学基金项目(31160102)资助 |
| 摘 要： | 为探明甘肃河西走廊绿洲灌区豌豆/玉米间作体系土壤无机氮时空分布现状和过量施用氮肥对环境的影响,2011年在田间试验条件下,采用土钻法采集土壤剖面样品,采用Ca Cl2溶液浸提、流动分析仪测定土壤无机氮含量的方法,研究了不同氮水平0 kg(N)·hm?2、75 kg(N)·hm?2、150 kg(N)·hm?2、300 kg(N)·hm?2、450 kg(N)·hm?2]下豌豆/玉米间作体系土壤无机氮时空分布规律。结果表明:作物整个生育期内,灌漠土无机氮以硝态氮为主,其含量是铵态氮的7.55倍。在玉米整个生育期内,与不施氮相比,75 kg(N)·hm?2、150 kg(N)·hm?2、300 kg(N)·hm?2和450 kg(N)·hm?2处理的土壤硝态氮含量分别增加29.7%、67.5%、88.2%和134.3%。与豌豆收获期相比,在玉米收获时土壤硝态氮含量平均降低44.2%。间作豌豆和间作玉米分别比对应的单作在0~120 cm土层硝态氮含量降低6.1%和5.1%。豌豆/玉米间作体系土壤无机氮累积量在不同施氮量和不同生育时期都是表层(0~20 cm)最高。豌豆收获后,0~60 cm土层土壤无机氮累积量间作豌豆和间作玉米分别比相应单作降低4.9%和1.9%,60~120 cm土层降低10.8%和9.2%;玉米收获后0~60 cm土层平均降低28.2%和9.4%,60~120 cm土层平均降低23.5%和12.5%。土壤无机氮残留量间作豌豆比单作豌豆在0~60 cm土层降低4.9%,60~120 cm降低10.9%。因此,施用氮肥显著增加了土壤无机氮含量和累积量,且主要影响土壤硝态氮。过量的氮肥投入会因作物不能及时全部吸收而被大水漫灌和降雨等途径淋洗到土壤深层,造成氮肥损失和农田环境污染。间作能显著降低土壤无机氮浓度和累积量,特别在作物生长后期对土壤无机氮累积的降低作用更加明显。 |
| 关 键 词： | 施氮肥 豌豆/玉米间作 土壤无机氮 硝态氮 残留量 积累量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/7/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/10/25 0:00:00 |
Effects of nitrogen application and intercropping on spatio-temporal distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen in pea/maize intercropping field |
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| WU Kesheng,SONG Shangyou,LI Long,SUN Jianhao,BAO Xingguo and LI Weiqi.Effects of nitrogen application and intercropping on spatio-temporal distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen in pea/maize intercropping field[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(12):1397-1404. | |
| Authors: | WU Kesheng SONG Shangyou LI Long SUN Jianhao BAO Xingguo and LI Weiqi |
| Institution: | 1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Wuwei Extend Center of Agricultural Technology, Wuwei 733000, China 5. Institute of Soil and Fertilizers, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizers, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizers, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizers, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to determine nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in pea/maize intercropping fields in irrigated areas of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province. To that end, a field experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of soil inorganic N (Nmin) in orthic anthrosol soils under pea/maize intercropping at different N application rates (N 0 kg·hm-2, 75 kg·hm-2, 150 kg·hm-2, 300 kg·hm-2, 450 kg·hm-2). Soil samples were collected in the 0 20, 20 40, 40 60, 60 80, 80 100 and100 120 cm soil layers and Nmin concentrations measured by flow analysis of extracted CaCl2. The results showed that NO3--N was the major form of Nmin in orthic anthrosol soils with a concentration 7.55 times that of NH4+-N. During maize growth season, NO3--N concentration increased by 29.7%, 67.5%, 88.2% and 134.3% respectively under N rates of 75, 150, 300 and 450 kg·hm-2 over no N fertilization treatment. Compared with that after pea harvest, NO3--N concentration decreased by 44.2% after maize harvest. Soil NO3--N concentration in the 0-120 cm soil layer under intercropped pea/maize decreased respectively by 6.1%/5.1% over that of each corresponding monocultured crop. The highest soil Nmin accumulation occurred in the 0-20 cm soil layer at different nitrogen application rates and growth stages. After pea harvest, Nmin accumulation in the 0-60 cm soil layer under intercropped pea/maize respectively decreased by 4.9%/1.9%, and in the 60-120 cm soil layer by 10.8%/9.2% compared with that of each corresponding monocultured crop. After maize harvest, soil Nmin accumulation in the 0-60 and 60-120 cm soil layers under intercropped pea/maize decreased respectively by 28.2%/9.4% and 23.5%/12.5% over each corresponding monocultured crop. Also soil Nmin residue in the 0-60 and 60-120 cm layers under intercropped pea decreased respectively by 4.9% and 10.9% over monocultured pea. The study showed that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen concentration and accumulation with higher effect on soil NO3--N. Also excessive N application resulted in environmental pollution in the study area. Pea/maize intercropping significantly reduced soil inorganic nitrogen concentration and accumulation. It was obvious that intercropping reduced soil inorganic nitrogen accumulation especially in the later growth stages of the crops. |
| Keywords: | Nitrogen fertilizer application Pea/maize intercropping Soil inorganic nitrogen NO3--N Residual amount Accumulation |
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