| 玉米生理成熟后倒伏变化及其影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 薛军,王群,李璐璐,张万旭,谢瑞芝,王克如,明博,侯鹏,李少昆.玉米生理成熟后倒伏变化及其影响因素[J].作物学报,2018,44(12):1782-1792. |
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| 作者姓名： | 薛军 王群 李璐璐 张万旭 谢瑞芝 王克如 明博 侯鹏 李少昆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京1000812石河子大学农学院, 新疆石河子 832000 |
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| 基金项目： | This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300101);This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300110);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371575);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
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| 摘 要： | 针对机械粒收玉米生理成熟后田间站秆脱水期间的倒伏问题, 本研究通过多点试验调查夏玉米和春玉米生理成熟后倒伏发生类型和规律, 分析影响玉米生理成熟后倒伏发生的关键因素。结果表明, 玉米生理成熟后, 茎折率升高是倒伏增加的主要原因; 茎折率随抗折力降低而升高, 抗折断力降低至14.3 N时, 茎折率超过5%; 植株重心高度逐渐降低, 茎秆基部第3节间穿刺强度(RPS)、第4节间压碎强度(CS)、第5节间弯曲强度(BS)均逐渐降低, 基部节间单位长度干重(DWUL)和含水率也逐渐降低; 茎秆抗折断力与RPS、CS、BS、DWUL和含水率均呈极显著正相关, RPS、CS和BS均与DWUL和含水率呈极显著正相关。本研究表明, 玉米生理成熟后植株自然衰老导致的茎秆干物质降低和水分含量下降, 是茎秆机械强度降低、茎折率增加的主要原因。因此应适期收获, 避免田间站秆时间过长引起倒伏率增加导致的收获产量损失。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 倒伏 生理成熟 茎秆强度 干重 含水率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-02-06 |
Changes of Maize Lodging after Physiological Maturity and Its Influencing Factors |
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| Jun XUE,Qun WANG,Lu-Lu LI,Wan-Xu ZHANG,Rui-Zhi XIE,Ke-Ru WANG,Bo MING,Peng HOU,Shao-Kun LI.Changes of Maize Lodging after Physiological Maturity and Its Influencing Factors[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2018,44(12):1782-1792. |
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| Authors: | Jun XUE Qun WANG Lu-Lu LI Wan-Xu ZHANG Rui-Zhi XIE Ke-Ru WANG Bo MING Peng HOU Shao-Kun LI |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China2 College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | In view of the lodging problem during grain dehydration after physiological maturity in maize mechanical grain harvest, multi-sites experiments were conducted to investigate the lodging type and law and their influencing factors in summer maize and spring maize after physiological maturity. The increase of stalk lodging rate was the major reason for total lodging rate increase after physiological maturity. The stalk lodging rate increased as breaking force decreased. The stalk lodging rate was more than 5% when breaking force decreased to 14.3 N. All of height of gravity center, rind penetration strength (RPS) of the third internode, crushing strength (CS) of the fourth internode, and bending strength (BS) of the fifth internode gradually decreased after physiological maturity. Both dry weight per unit length (DWUL) and moisture content of the basal internode also gradually decreased. Stalk breaking force was significantly positively correlated with RPS, CS, BS, DWUL, and moisture content of the basal internode. RPS, CS, BS were significantly positively correlated with DWUL and moisture content. This study showed that natural senescence of maize after physiological maturity decreases the dry matter and moisture content, resulting in the decrease of stalk mechanical strength, and the increase of stalk lodging. The ability of stalk continuous standing after physiological maturity should be used as one of the important indices to measure which maize cultivar is fit for mechanical grain harvest. Harvesting at optimal time could prevent lodging after physiological maturity and reduce grain loss in mechanical grain harvest. |
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| Keywords: | maize lodging physiological maturity stalk strength dry weight moisture content |
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