| 间作对分蘖洋葱与番茄根际土壤磷转化强度及磷细菌群落结构的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴瑕,杨凤军,张文慧,靳亚忠,高凤,吴凤芝.间作对分蘖洋葱与番茄根际土壤磷转化强度及磷细菌群落结构的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2019,25(8):1422-1433. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴瑕 杨凤军 张文慧 靳亚忠 高凤 吴凤芝 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，黑龙江大庆 163319 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31801905，31672200）；哈尔滨科技局创新人才项目（2014RFXXJ004）；黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题（XZR2017-01）；大庆市指导性科技计划项目（zd-2016-099）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】间作分蘖洋葱能缓解番茄连作障碍,提高番茄养分吸收。本试验主要研究间作后分蘖洋葱和番茄根际土壤中磷细菌群落结构及活性的变化,以揭示该间作体系磷细菌改善作物磷营养的生物学机制。【方法】盆栽试验选用茄科连作8年的设施土壤,番茄品种为‘东农708’,分蘖洋葱品种为‘五常红旗社’。设番茄单作、分蘖洋葱单作、分蘖洋葱与番茄间作及无苗对照等4个处理。在定植23 d、30 d和37 d取样,测定植株干重及磷浓度。同时用抖根法取番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土,测定土壤中磷细菌数量及磷细菌的转化强度。采用PCRDGGE方法测定磷细菌的群落结构。【结果】1)间作后,番茄地上和地下干重增加,分蘖洋葱地上和地下干重减少,在37 d差异达到显著水平。2)间作后,番茄根际土壤中无机磷和有机磷细菌的数量增加,在23 d和37d差异达到显著水平;分蘖洋葱根际土壤中无机磷细菌数量在23 d时显著降低,有机磷细菌数量在间作37 d时显著升高。间作期间分蘖洋葱和番茄根际土壤中无机磷和有机磷细菌的数量均显著高于无苗对照。间作23d时,番茄根际土壤中无机磷和有机磷细菌的转化强度均显著升高,分蘖洋葱根际土壤中无机磷和有机磷细菌的转化强度均显著降低;而间作37 d时,分蘖洋葱根际土壤中无机磷和有机磷细菌的转化强度均显著升高,且间作期间番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土壤中无机磷和有机磷细菌的转化强度均显著高于无苗对照。3)间作37 d番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土壤pH显著升高,EC值显著降低,且各处理土壤pH均高于无苗对照,土壤EC值均低于无苗对照。间作30 d时番茄根际土壤中速效磷含量显著升高,间作37 d时显著低于单作。间作期间分蘖洋葱根际土壤速效磷含量变化不显著,番茄根际土壤速效磷含量均低于无苗对照,而分蘖洋葱均高于无苗对照。间作后番茄植株磷浓度和磷吸收量显著高于单作处理,分蘖洋葱植株磷浓度显著高于单作处理,而磷吸收量显著低于单作处理。4)间作后番茄根际土壤中无机磷细菌的条带数、香农多样性指数和均匀度指数显著高于其单作处理,而间作分蘖洋葱显著低于其单作处理。间作后番茄根际土壤中有机磷细菌的条带数、香农多样性指数和均匀度指数前期显著高于单作番茄,后期显著低于单作。而间作分蘖洋葱与对应单作比较差异不显著。【结论】间作分蘖洋葱通过改变番茄根际土壤中磷细菌数量和群落结构,提高了磷细菌的转化强度,增加了番茄根际土壤中速效磷含量,促进植株磷浓度和磷吸收量增加,改善了番茄磷营养。
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| 关 键 词： | 分蘖洋葱 间作 番茄 磷细菌 群落结构 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-06 |
Effects of intercropping on phosphorus transformability and phosphobacteria community structure in the rhizosphere of tomato and potato onion |
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| WU Xia,YANG Feng-jun,ZHANG Wen-hui,JIN Ya-zhong,GAO Feng,WU Feng-zhi.Effects of intercropping on phosphorus transformability and phosphobacteria community structure in the rhizosphere of tomato and potato onion[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2019,25(8):1422-1433. |
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| Authors: | WU Xia YANG Feng-jun ZHANG Wen-hui JIN Ya-zhong GAO Feng WU Feng-zhi |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】Intercropping with potato onion can alleviate the soil sickness of tomato and thus enhance tomato plant nutrient uptake. In this study, effects of intercropping with potato onion on the activity and structure of phosphobacteria (P-bacteria) in the rhizosphere of tomato were studied to reveal the improvement of plant nutrition affected by P-bacteria in intercropping system.【Methods】The soil used in the pot experiment was collected from a greenhouse in which solanaceae crops had been cultivated continuously for 8 years. The tomato cultivar of ‘Dongnong708’ and potato onion cultivar of ‘Wuchanghongqishe’ were used in this study. The experiment included four treatments: tomato and potato onion intercropping, tomato monoculture, potato onion monoculture, and no crop control. The dry weight and phosphorus concentration in the plant were measured at the 23rd, 30th and 37th days after transplanting. The rhizosphere soil was obtained by brushing off the tomato and potato onion roots, which was used to analyze the transformation intensity and abundance of P-bacteria community. The PCR-DGGE method was used to determine the structure of P-bacteria community.【Results】1) Compared with monocropping, the shoot and root dry weights of tomato plants under intercropping were increased, while those of potato onion were decreased, and the changes reached significant levels at the 37th day. 2) Both the number of inorganic phospher(Pi) and organophosphorus (Po) bacteria in the rhizosphere of intercropping system were significantly higher than those in no crop control during the whole culture period. In the rhizosphere of intercropping tomato, the number of Pi and Po bacteria were increased, and the increments all reached significant levels at the 23rd and 37th days. In the rhizosphere of intercropped potato onion, the number of Pi bacteria was decreased and the decrement reached significant level at the 23rd day, while the number of Po bacteria kept increased and the increase reached significant level at the 37th day. At the 23rd day of intercropping, both the transformation intensity of Pi and Po bacteria increased significantly in the rhizosphere of tomato, while those were on the contrary in the rhizosphere of potato onion. At the 37th day, the transformation intensity of Pi and Po bacteria in rhizosphere of potato onion were increased significantly. 3) Intercropping significantly increased pH but decreased EC of tomato and potato onion rhizosphere soils, and soil pH of the three treatments was higher than that of no crop control. The available P content of intercropped tomato rhizosphere was significantly higher than that in the monocropping at the 30rd day, while significantly reduced soil available P content at the 37th day. There was no significant difference in available P content in rhizosphere of potato onion between monocropping and intercropping systems during all the sampling time. However, soil available P content of tomato rhizosphere was lower, while this soil nutrient content of potato onion was higher than that in no crop control. Intercropping significantly increased plant P concentration and uptake of tomato, but only distinctly increased plant P concentration of potato onion. The number of bands, Shannon index and evenness index of Pi bacteria in rhizosphere of intercropped tomato were significantly higher than those in monocropping system, but those of intercropped potato onion were significantly lower than in monocropping system. The number of bands, Shannon diversity index and evenness index of Po bacteria in rhizosphere of intercropped tomato were significantly higher than those in monocropping system at the early stage and significantly lower than those in monocropping at the later stage. There was no significant difference for potato onion between monocropping and intercropping systems.【Conclusions】Intercropping will change the number and structure of P-bacteria community in the rhizosphere of tomato, improve the transformation intensity of P-bacteria, and increase soil available phosphorus content and plant P concentration and uptake of tomato and thus improve plant phosphorus nutrition. |
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| Keywords: | potato onion intercropping tomato phosphobacteria community structure |
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