| 连续施用生物炭对棕壤磷素形态及有效性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 高天一,李娜,彭靖,高鸣慧,罗培宇,韩晓日.连续施用生物炭对棕壤磷素形态及有效性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2019,25(9):1451-1460. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高天一 李娜 彭靖 高鸣慧 罗培宇 韩晓日 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农业部东北玉米营养与施肥科学观测实验站/辽宁生物炭工程技术研究中心，沈阳 110866 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0300300）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】土壤磷有效性差、磷肥利用率低是农业发展的主要限制因素之一。生物炭作为新型土壤改良剂，其独特的理化性质会影响磷素形态及有效性。本研究通过分析连续施用不同用量生物炭对棕壤不同形态磷素含量及变化规律，探讨各形态磷对棕壤磷素有效性的贡献，以期明确生物炭对棕壤磷素有效性的作用，为其合理农用提供理论依据。【方法】本试验研究对象为连续5年增施生物炭的玉米连作棕壤，共设5个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥氮磷钾(NPK )、1.5 t/hm2生物炭 + 氮磷钾(C1NPK)、3 t/hm2生物炭 + 氮磷钾(C2NPK) 和6 t/hm2生物炭 + 氮磷钾(C3NPK)，采用蒋柏藩、顾益初土壤无机磷分级、Bowman-Cole土壤有机磷分级方法测定不同形态磷含量，研究不同用量生物炭配施化肥对棕壤磷素形态及有效性的影响。【结果】连续5年施用生物炭可显著提高棕壤全磷、有效磷含量及磷活化系数；明显提高了棕壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P、LOP(活性有机磷)、MLOP(中活性有机磷) 含量，降低了MROP(中稳性有机磷) 含量；在磷组分中，MLOP、O-P分别占棕壤有机磷、无机磷比例最大，为64.32%、28.43%。施用生物炭显著提高了Ca2-P、Ca8-P占无机磷比例；Al-P与有效磷含量相关系数最大为0.945，LOP、Al-P、MROP对有效磷的直接通径系数较大，分别为0.318、0.285、–0.261；Al-P、HROP(高稳性有机磷) 对有效磷的决策系数分别为0.295和–0.130，是棕壤有效磷的主要决策因子和主要限制因子。【结论】施用生物炭可以促进棕壤磷素积累并提高其活性；施用生物炭条件下，Al-P、LOP是棕壤磷素的活跃组分，提高Al-P含量、限制HROP含量是生物炭提高棕壤磷素有效性的主要途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物炭 有机磷形态 无机磷形态 土壤磷素有效性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-10-12 |
Effect of consecutive application of biochar on phosphate morphologyand availability in brown soil |
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| GAO Tian-yi,LI Na,PENG Jing,GAO Ming-hui,LUO Pei-yu,HAN Xiao-ri.Effect of consecutive application of biochar on phosphate morphologyand availability in brown soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2019,25(9):1451-1460. |
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| Authors: | GAO Tian-yi LI Na PENG Jing GAO Ming-hui LUO Pei-yu HAN Xiao-ri |
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| Institution: | College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory of Highly Efficient Use on Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Monitoring & Experimental Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilization in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】Poor soil phosphorus availability and low phosphorus utilization rate are one of the main limiting factors for crop production. As a new soil amendment, biochar has unique physicochemical properties that affect the form and availability of phosphorus. In this study, the effects of biochar on forms and availability of phosphorus in brown soil were studied by analyzing the application of different amounts of biochar to provide a theoretical basis for its rational agricultural use.【Methods】Biochar was applied for consecutive 5 years in a corn field. There were 5 treatments: no fertilizer (CK), single fertilizer NPK (NPK), 1.5 t/hm2 biochar + NPK (C1NPK), 3 t/hm2 biochar + NPK (C2NPK), and 6 t/hm2 biochar + NPK (C3NPK). Jiang Bofan and Gu Yichu's soil inorganic phosphorus grading and Bowman-Cole's soil organic phosphorus grading methods were used. The contents of different forms of phosphorus were determined.【Results】The application of biochar for 5 consecutive years significantly increased the total phosphorus, available phosphorus content and phosphorus activation coefficient in brown soil, significantly increased the content of Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, LOP (labile organic phosphorus) and MLOP (moderately labile organic phosphorus), and decreased the content of MROP (moderately resistant organic phosphorus). Among the phosphorus components, MLOP and O-P accounted for the largest proportion of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus, which was 64.32% and 28.43%, respectively. The application of biochar significantly increased the ratio of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in inorganic phosphorus. The correlation coefficient between Al-P and available phosphorus was 0.945. The direct path coefficient of LOP, Al-P and MROP to available phosphorus was significant. The determination coefficients of available phosphorus for Al-P and HROP (highly resistant organic phosphorus) were 0.295 and –0.130, respectively, which were the main decision factors and main limiting factors for available phosphorus in brown soil.【Conclusions】The application of biochar can accumulate and increase the activity of phosphorus in brown soil. Al-P and LOP are the active components of phosphorus in brown soil with use of charcoal. Increasing Al-P content and limiting HROP content are the main mechanisms for biochar to enhance phosphorus availability in brown soil. |
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