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Patterns of habitat occupancy, genetic variation and predicted movement of a flightless bush cricket, Pholidoptera griseoaptera, in an agricultural mosaic landscape |
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| Authors: | Tim Diekötter Hans Baveco Paul Arens Carmen Rothenbühler Regula Billeter Daniela Csencsics Riccardo De Filippi Frederik Hendrickx Marjan Speelmans Paul Opdam Marinus J M Smulders |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universit?tsstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland 2. IFZ-Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany 5. Alterra Green World Research, P.O. Box 23, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands 4. Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands 3. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 6. Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland 8. Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium 7. Institute of Nature Conservation, Kliniekstraat 25, B 1070, Brussels, Belgium |
| Abstract: | Habitat fragmentation has been generally regarded detrimental to the persistence of many species, especially those with limited dispersal abilities. Yet, when exactly habitat elements become functionally disconnected very much depends on the dispersal ability of a species in combination with the landscape’s composition in which it occurs. Surprisingly, for many small and ground-walking generalists knowledge at what spatial scale and to what extent landscape structure affects dispersal is very scarce. Because it is flightless, the bush cricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera may be regarded susceptible to fragmentation. We applied habitat occupancy surveys, population genetic analyses and movement modelling to investigate the performance of P. griseoaptera in an agricultural mosaic landscape with suitable habitat patches of varying size and isolation. Despite its presumed dispersal limitation we could show that P. griseoaptera occupied the majority of suitable habitats, including small and isolated patches, showed a very low and non-significant genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.0072) and, in the model, managed to colonize around 73% of all suitable habitat patches within one generation under weak and strong landscape-effect scenarios. We conclude that P. griseoaptera possesses the behavioural attributes (frequent inter-patch dispersal) necessary to persist in this landscape characterized by a patchy distribution of habitat elements. Yet, sound recommendations to landscape planning and conservation require more research to determine whether this represents a general behaviour of the species or a behavioural adaptation to this particular landscape. |
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