| 马铃薯连作土壤拮抗放线菌研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈 杰,郭天文,谭雪莲,朱渭兵,魏晓丽,薛泉宏.马铃薯连作土壤拮抗放线菌研究[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(11):168-177. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈 杰 郭天文 谭雪莲 朱渭兵 魏晓丽 薛泉宏 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100；2.甘肃省农业科学院 旱地农业研究所，兰州 730070；3.杨凌金薯种业科技有限公司，陕西杨凌 712100） |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目（GNSW 2009 20）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探索马铃薯连作土壤中拮抗放线菌的资源状况，并从中筛选有应用价值的马铃薯连作土传真菌病害生防放线菌，采用皿内琼脂块和发酵液抑菌试验法筛选对马铃薯黑痣病病原立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、2株马铃薯干腐病病原菌硫色镰刀菌（Fusarium sulphureum）、茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）及马铃薯黄萎病病原大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)有较强拮抗性的放线菌；采用16S rRNA序列分析法对其中3株高活性拮抗放线菌进行鉴定；盆栽试验研究高活性广谱拮抗菌娄彻氏链霉菌 (Streptomyces rochei)孢子粉对盆栽马铃薯植株生长及抗逆性影响。结果表明：(1)在甘肃省定西市不同连作年限马铃薯根区及根外土壤中均存在少量对马铃薯土传病原真菌有较强拮抗作用的放线菌；在大部分病、健株根区及根外土壤中，拮抗菌所占比例呈病株大于健株的趋势。(2)筛选到3株高活性广谱拮抗放线菌，经鉴定放线菌G5和G43均为娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei)，G108为仙台链霉菌( Streptomyces sindenensis)。(3)盆栽试验表明，娄彻氏链霉菌孢子粉对马铃薯有促生作用并能提高其抗逆性。拌土和包衣接种娄彻氏链霉菌孢子粉后，处理马铃薯地上鲜质量较对照分别增加19.0%和7.5%；生长期株高较对照分别增加7.3%和9.5%，基部茎周长较对照分别增加10.7%和4.1%；丙二醛MDA含量分别降低11.6%和25.2%。表明该菌对马铃薯生长有促进作用，并能提高植株的抗逆性。
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| 关 键 词： | 马铃薯 放线菌 土传病害 立枯丝核菌 镰刀菌 |
Antagonistic Actinomycetes in Continuous Cropping Potato Soil |
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| CHEN Jie,GUO Tianwen,TAN Xuelian,ZHU Weibing,WEI Xiaoli and XUE Quanhong.Antagonistic Actinomycetes in Continuous Cropping Potato Soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(11):168-177. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Jie GUO Tianwen TAN Xuelian ZHU Weibing WEI Xiaoli and XUE Quanhong |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to explore the antagonistic actinomycetes resources in continuous cropping potato soil, and to screen biocontrol actinomycetes which have application value on soil borne pathogenic fungi of potato. Agar block method and culture filtrate inhibitory test were used to screen antagonistic actinomycetes with antagonistic effect on four soil borne pathogenic fungi of potato: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium sulphureum, Fusarium solani and Verticillium dahliae. Three high activity antagonistic actinomycetes were identified according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Pot trial was conducted to determine the effect of 1 high activity antagonistic actinomycete Streptomyces rochei spore powder to the growth and stress resistance of potato plants. Results showed that: (i) A small quantity of antimicrobial actinomycetes with strong antagonistic effect on 4 soil borne pathogenic fungi of potato were existed in both rhizosphere and out rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants in different years of continuous cropping fields in Dingxi Gansu. The proportions of antagonistic actinomycetes in most rhizosphere and out rhizosphere soil in diseased plant soil were larger than those in healthy soil. (ii) Three high activity antagonistic actinomycetes were screened and identification showed that both strain G5 and strain G43 are Streptomyces rochei, strain G108 is Streptomyces sindenensis. (iii) The results of pot trail showed that Streptomyces rochei spore powder had promotion effect on potato growth and could improve stress resistance of potato plants at the same time. In the inoculation treatments of Streptomyces rochei spore powder directly adding into soil and coating potatoes, the fresh mass of plant above ground increased 19.0% and 7.5% respectively, the stem height in growth period increased 7.3% and 9.5% respectively, the diameter of base stem increased 10.7% and 4.1% respectively, the content of malonaldehyde decreased 11.6% and 25.2% respectively, compared with the control. All these showed that Streptomyces rochei had promotion effect on potato growth and could also improve stress resistance of potato plant. |
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| Keywords: | Potato Actinomycetes Soil borne diseases Rhizoctonia solani Fusarium spp |
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