| 亏缺灌溉对机采棉水分利用及产量形成的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 林涛,梅旭荣,郝卫平,田立文,崔建平,郭仁松,王亮,郑子漂.亏缺灌溉对机采棉水分利用及产量形成的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2021,58(3):419-429. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林涛 梅旭荣 郝卫平 田立文 崔建平 郭仁松 王亮 郑子漂 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081; 2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091; 3.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金面上项目(2018D01A51);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020003);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才工程;天山青年计划项目(2017Q148) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 研究膜下滴灌条件下,亏缺灌溉对新疆机采棉产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】 在新疆典型机采棉地区,设置5个灌溉量分别为225 mm(Ir1)、285 mm(Ir2)、345 mm(Ir3)、405 mm(Ir4)和465 mm(Ir5)。分析亏缺灌溉对棉田耗水特性、干物质积累与分配及棉花产量的影响。【结果】 随着灌溉定额的增加,棉田耗水量呈现递增趋势,提高了棉花生育后期的耗水模系数,使得干物质积累速度较快,快速积累期较长。随着灌溉定额增加,棉铃干物质分配量呈先增加后降低的趋势,Ir3分配量最大为64.7～82.2 g/株,茎叶占比随着灌溉定额的增加而显著增加,而棉铃占比则显著降低;在棉花产量及水分利用效率方面,单株结铃数、单铃重,随着灌溉定额的增加而显著增加,籽棉产量提高,其中Ir5处理的皮棉产量比Ir4仅高了3.80%;随灌溉定额的增加水分利用效率显著降低,其中Ir1较Ir2～Ir5分别高20.59%、34.59%、48.68%和57.93%。【结论】 适当的进行亏缺灌溉,有利于干物质积累量向生殖器官的转移,单株结铃数和单铃重显著提高。在棉花生育期实际的耗水量的基础上,降低12%的灌溉定额,不会显著降低棉花产量,能够获得较高的水分利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 亏缺灌溉 耗水规律 干物质积累 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-13 |
The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Yield and Water Utilization of Machine-picked Cotton under Condition of Drip Irrigation |
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| LIN Tao,MEI Xurong,HAO Weiping,TIAN Liwen,CUI Jianping,GUO Rensong,WANG Liang,ZHENG Zipiao.The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Yield and Water Utilization of Machine-picked Cotton under Condition of Drip Irrigation[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2021,58(3):419-429. |
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| Authors: | LIN Tao MEI Xurong HAO Weiping TIAN Liwen CUI Jianping GUO Rensong WANG Liang ZHENG Zipiao |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA, Urumqi 830091, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To clarify the impact of deficit irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang under the condition of drip irrigation under mulch.【Method】 In this study, five irrigation quotas treatments were conducted with 225 mm (Ir1), 285 mm (Ir2), 345 mm (Ir3), 405 mm (Ir4) and 465 mm in a typical cotton harvesting area in Xinjiang. The effects on the water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation and cotton yield formation of different deficit irrigation quotas were analyzed in cotton field from 2016 to 2018.【Result】 The results showed that with the increase of irrigation quota, the water consumption of cotton fields showed an increasing trend, and the water consumption modulus coefficient in the later stage of cotton growth was increased, so that the dry matter accumulation speed was faster, the rapid accumulation period was longer, but the irrigation amount increased. The dry matter distribution of cotton bolls first increased and then decreased. The maximum distribution of Ir3 was 64.7-82.2 g/plant. The proportion of stems and leaves increased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, while the proportion of cotton bolls decreased significantly; In terms of cotton yield and water use efficiency, the number of bolls per plant and the weight of bolls increased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, which promoted the increase of seed cotton yield. Compared with other treatments, high irrigation quota achieved higher seed cotton yield of Ir5. Among them, lint was only 3.80% higher than that of Ir4. However, in terms of water use efficiency, water use efficiency was significantly reduced with the increase of irrigation. Among them, Ir1 was 20.59%, 34.59%, 48.68% and 57.93% higher than those of Ir2-Ir5, respectively.【Conclusion】 In summary, under the condition of deficit irrigation, the water supply function of the soil can be fully exerted, and deficit irrigation can be carried out appropriately, which is conducive to the transfer of dry matter accumulation to the reproductive organs, resulting in the number of bolls per plant and the weight of boll significant improvement. Therefore, on the basis of the actual water consumption during the cotton growth period, reducing the irrigation amount by 12% will not significantly reduce the cotton yield, and at the same time, higher water use efficiency can be obtained. |
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| Keywords: | deficit irrigation water consumption dry matter accumulation yield water use efficiency |
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