| 食物组分差异对树麻雀能量代谢及消化道形态结构的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐兴军,田金波,王有祥,王卿惠,薛明强,邵淑丽,王维禹,张伟伟,李旭艳.食物组分差异对树麻雀能量代谢及消化道形态结构的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2):347-354. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐兴军 田金波 王有祥 王卿惠 薛明强 邵淑丽 王维禹 张伟伟 李旭艳 |
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| 作者单位： | 齐齐哈尔大学 生命科学与农林学院, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006 |
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| 基金项目： | 黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目12541885 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探寻食物组分差异对小型鸟类生理生化指标和消化道的影响，了解小型鸟类如何通过自我调节以应对不良环境条件变化的生存策略。将树麻雀Passer montanus按体质量随机分为对照组（饲喂小米Setaria italica），稗草籽组（饲喂稗草Echinochloa crusgalli籽），黄粉虫组（饲喂黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor），8只·组-1，进行驯化，4周后通过烘干恒质量法、索氏抽提法、硫酸-蒽酮法、石蜡切片法等方法，测定其基础代谢率（basal metabolic rate，BMR）、体质量、器官鲜质量和干质量、体脂质量分数、糖原质量分数和消化道长度，消化道绒毛高度、宽度、黏膜层厚度及肠壁截面积等指标的变化。结果表明:饲喂4周后，3组树麻雀基础代谢率与第1周相比分别增加0.14，0.35和0.11 mL·g-1·h-1，稗草籽组与对照组和黄粉虫组差异显著（P < 0.05），对照组与黄粉虫组差异不显著（P > 0.05）；体质量组间差异均极显著（P < 0.01）；黄粉虫组大肠、小肠、十二指肠、直肠、肌胃的鲜质量极显著高于稗草籽组和对照组（P < 0.01），黄粉虫组十二指肠、肌胃的干质量极显著高于稗草籽组和对照组（P < 0.01），对照组大肠、直肠的干质量极显著高于稗草籽组和黄粉虫组（P < 0.01）；稗草籽组和黄粉虫组的消化能、消化率与对照组间的差异极显著（P < 0.01）；3组树麻雀大肠、小肠、十二指肠长度组间差异均极显著（P < 0.01），稗草籽组、黄粉虫组大肠绒毛高度与对照组间的差异均极显著（P < 0.01），对照组、稗草籽组的小肠和十二指肠绒毛高度、黏膜层厚度与黄粉虫组间的差异均极显著（P < 0.01）。表明食物组分差异是影响树麻雀能量代谢和消化道形态改变的重要环境因子之一。
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| 关 键 词： | 动物学 树麻雀 食物组分差异 基础代谢率 石蜡切片 消化道 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-02-17 |
Food composition differences influencing tree sparrow energy metabolism and its digestive tract structure |
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| XU Xingjun,TIAN Jinbo,WANG Youxiang,WANG Qinghui,XUE Mingqiang,SHAO Shuli,WANG Weiyu,ZHANG Weiwei,LI Xuyan.Food composition differences influencing tree sparrow energy metabolism and its digestive tract structure[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2018,35(2):347-354. |
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| Authors: | XU Xingjun TIAN Jinbo WANG Youxiang WANG Qinghui XUE Mingqiang SHAO Shuli WANG Weiyu ZHANG Weiwei LI Xuyan |
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| Institution: | College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | This experiment was conducted to invesigate the effects of different food components on the physiological and biochemical indexes and digestive tract of small birds (Passer montanus), for understanding the survival strategy of P. montanus through self-regulation in response to adverse changes in environmental conditions. The birds were randomly divided into three groups:a control group (fed with millet-Setaria italica), a grass seed group (fed with grass-Echinochloa crusgalli seed), and a mealworm group (fed with mealworms-Tenebrio molitor). The birds have been domesticating for four weeks until the relevant indicators were detected, such as the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass, organ quality of fresh and dry weight, body fat mass fraction, glycogen content, length of the digestive tract and the digestive tract mucous membrane layer thickness and height, width, cross-section of the intestinal wall. Results showed that the basal metabolic rates of the birds in the three groups (control group, grass seed group, mealworm group) were increased by 0.14, 0.35 and 0.11 mL·g-1·h-1 respectively compared with the first week, and it was higher in the grass seed group than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Body mass of the birds were all extremely significantly different between groups (P < 0.01). Organ fresh weight of the large intestine, small intestine, duodenum and rectum were extremely significantly higher in the grass seed group than those in the grass seed group and control group (P < 0.01). Dry weight of duodenum and muscle stomach of the birds in the mealworm group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grass group and control group (P < 0.01), while dry weight of the colon and rectum in control group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grass group and mealworm group (P < 0.01). Digestible energy and digestibility of the birds in the mealworm group was significantly higher than those in the grass group (P < 0.01). The length of large intestine, small intestine, duodenum of the birds were extremely significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01). The heights of large intestinal villus in the grass seed group and mealworm group were extremely significantly different with those in the control group (P < 0.01), and the height and mucosal layer thickness of small intestine and duodenum villus in the control group and grass seed group were all extremely significantly different with those in the mealworm group (P < 0.01). The differences of food component is one of the important environmental factors that would influence energy metabolism and digestive tract morphological structure of P. montanus. |
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