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Oil productivity and composition of sunflower as a function of hybrid and planting date |
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| Authors: | Valtcho D Zheljazkov Brady A VickBrian S Baldwin Normie BuehringChristine Coker Tess AstatkieBilly Johnson |
| Institution: | a Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, 5421 Highway 145 South, Verona, MS 38879, USA b Sunflower Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102, USA c Mississippi State University, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA d Mississippi State University, Coastal Research and Extension Center, 1815 Popp''s Ferry Road, Biloxi, MS 39532, USA e Dep. of Engineering, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro NS B2N 5E3, Canada f Coastal Plain Experiment Station, 51 Coastal Plain Road, Newton, MS 39345, USA |
| Abstract: | Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a potential cash crop for the southeastern United States for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. Two years (2006 and 2007) of experiments were conducted at each of five locations in Mississippi to evaluate the effect of planting date (April 20, May 20, and June 20), and hybrid (DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, DKF3901, PR63M80, PR62A91, PR63A21, PR63M91, and PR64H41) on seed yield, oil content, and oil composition of sunflower. Seed oil concentration varied from 25 to 47%. The oleic acid concentration in the oil was greater than 85% for DKF3510 and PR64H41, above 65% for PR63M80 and PR63M91, and intermediate for the other hybrids. Total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) concentration in the oil (the sum of palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric acids) ranged from 6.3 to 13.0%, with DKF3510, PR63M91, and PR64H41 having lower concentration of TSFA than the other hybrids. Mean seed yields ranged from 997 to 2096 kg ha−1 depending on location. Mean oil yields at the five locations ranged from 380 to 687 kg ha−1, and calculated biodiesel production ranged from 304 to 550 kg ha−1. Seed and oil yields in this study suggest sunflower in Mississippi should be planted by the last week of May. Later planting (20 June) may significantly decrease both seed and oil yields in the non-irrigated system in Mississippi and in other areas of the southeastern United States with similar environmental conditions. |
| Keywords: | FA fatty acid TSFA total saturated fatty acids |
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