| 分根交替滴灌对管栽黄瓜光合作用及水分利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 董彦红,赵志成,张旭,刘学娜,李清明.分根交替滴灌对管栽黄瓜光合作用及水分利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):269-276. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董彦红 赵志成 张旭 刘学娜 李清明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018; |
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| 基金项目： | “十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD12B03;2012BAD11B01)，中国博士后科学基金第四批特别资助(201104646)，山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2013CM008)，山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J14LF06)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探讨分根交替滴灌对管栽黄瓜光合作用及水分利用效率的影响机理。【方法】以津优3号黄瓜为试材,设分根交替滴灌(alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation,APDI)、 固定1/2根区滴灌(fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation,FPDI)和传统滴灌(conventional drip irrigation,CDI)3个处理,随机区组排列,研究了不同滴灌方式对黄瓜生长、 光合作用及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】分根交替滴灌(APDI)作物根区的干湿交替能够刺激根系的补偿生长,提高植物的根系活力。固定1/2根区滴灌(FPDI)黄瓜叶片相对含水量、 水势和渗透势都显著低于传统滴灌(CDI),而细胞汁液浓度显著高于其他两个处理,说明FPDI在一定程度上影响了黄瓜对水分的正常吸收和转运,抑制其正常生长。与CDI相比,APDI显著降低了黄瓜叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,却显著提高了水分利用效率。APDI处理的PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)与CDI相比差异不显著,但较FPDI显著升高。FPDI处理的非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著高于其他两个处理,说明固定一侧根系的干旱胁迫导致PSⅡ吸收的光能用于光化学反应的份额显著减少,从而使得光反应的能力和效率降低,过剩光能的热耗散显著增加。另外,APDI和FPDI虽然都不同程度地减少了耗水量和渗漏量,但FPDI黄瓜生长和光合作用均受到严重抑制,因此不适用于设施黄瓜的节水灌溉,而APDI处理在节水的同时能保证黄瓜正常生长及适宜的光合作用。【结论】分根交替滴灌(APDI)可作为设施节水高效灌溉的一种灌溉模式,具有广阔的应用前景。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.) 管栽 分根交替滴灌 光合作用 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-04-11 |
Improvement of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on photosynthesis and water use efficiency of cucumbers |
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| DONG Yan-hong,ZHAO Zhi-cheng,ZHANG Xu,LIU Xue-na,LI Qing-ming.Improvement of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on photosynthesis and water use efficiency of cucumbers[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2016,22(1):269-276. |
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| Authors: | DONG Yan-hong ZHAO Zhi-cheng ZHANG Xu LIU Xue-na LI Qing-ming |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China; |
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| Abstract: | Objectives] The objective of the paper is to investigate mechanism of alternate partial root irrigation on pipe cultivated cucumber photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Methods] In this experiment, using ‘Jinyou No. 3’ as experimental material, three drip irrigation patterns were set with the randomized block design: alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation ( APDI), fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation ( FPDI) and conventional drip irrigation (CDI). Effects of different drip irrigation methods on growth, photosynthesis and water use efficiency of cucumbers were studied under the condition of PVC pipes which separated cucumber root system to two parts.Results] Under APDI, the compensational growth of root system and the root activity of cucumber can be stimulated. The leaf relative water content, water potential and osmotic potential of FPDI are significantly lower than those of CDI, while the cell sap concentration is significantly higher than those of the other two treatments, which means that the FPDI treatment affects the water absorption and transport and inhibits the normal growth of cucumber to some extent. The APDI treatment significantly reduces the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves, but significantly improves the water use efficiency compared with the CDI treatment. The photochemical quantum yields of PSⅡ (Fv′/ Fm′) of the APDI and CDI treatments are not significantly different, but are significantly higher than that of the FPDI treatment. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the FPDI treatment is significantly higher than those of the other two treatments, which shows that drought stress of fixed one side of the root system reduces the photochemical reaction of PSⅡand light energy use efficiency, and significantly increases the heat dissipation of the excess light energy. APDI and FPDI reduce the water consumption and seepage volume in different degrees, but FPDI severely inhibits the growth of cucumbers, while APDI not only improves the water use efficiency, but also maintains normal growth and photosynthetic metabolism of cucumber. Conclusion]The alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation (APDI) can be used as a water-saving irrigation pattern in protected horticulture with a broad application prospects. |
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| Keywords: | cucumber pipe cultivation alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation photosynthesis water use efficiency |
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