| 添加DCD对雨养区春玉米产量、 氧化亚氮排放及硝态氮残留的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴得峰,姜继韶,高兵,刘燕,王蕊,王志齐,党廷辉,郭胜利,巨晓棠.添加DCD对雨养区春玉米产量、 氧化亚氮排放及硝态氮残留的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):30-39. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴得峰 姜继韶 高兵 刘燕 王蕊 王志齐 党廷辉 郭胜利 巨晓棠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100; |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】田间条件下氮肥中添加硝化抑制剂双氰胺(dicyandiamide,DCD)对氧化亚氮排放和硝态氮含量变化的影响尚不清楚,研究不同施氮模式对玉米产量、 氧化亚氮排放以及对土壤深层硝态氮残留和氮肥农学效率等的影响,对提高氮肥利用效率、 减少农业源温室气体排放具有重要意义。【方法】试验于2013年4月至2014年9月,在中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站进行,供试作物为春玉米,品种为先玉335,半覆膜种植。试验设4个处理: 传统施氮(Con)、 减量施氮(Opt)、 减量施氮+硝化抑制剂(Opt+DCD)、 不施氮(N0),定期采集土样和氧化亚氮气体,利用流动分析仪和气象色谱仪测定土壤矿质氮和氧化亚氮的含量,采用SAS软件对不同处理的产量和各个指标进行方差分析。【结果】Opt和Opt+DCD在保持产量的同时,显著影响氧化亚氮排放和硝态氮残留。Opt处理的硝态氮含量峰值降低13.7%,而Opt+DCD处理降低硝态氮峰值19.0%。其次,施氮模式还影响硝态氮峰值出现的时间: Con(190.1 mg/kg)率先出现, 其次是Opt(164.0 mg/kg)和Opt+DCD(132.9 mg/kg)。Opt显著降低了氧化亚氮的排放,降幅为29.4%,而在Opt基础上添加DCD可进一步降低氧化亚氮排放28.1%。在雨季,硝态氮含量和氧化亚氮排放随降雨而出现波动。尽管Opt降低了铵态氮峰值,但在Opt基础上,添加DCD提高了铵态氮峰值。4种施氮模式土壤剖面0100 cm和100200 cm的硝态氮残留量分别介于33.5~148.9和24.8~92.8 kg/hm2之间,平均值分别为78.5和56.4 kg/hm2。土壤剖面0200 cm的硝态氮残留量以Con最大,为225.9 kg/hm2,与Con相比,Opt和Opt+DCD的硝态氮残留量降幅分别为48.0%~59.0%、 29.4%~57.5%。Opt和Opt+DCD之间硝态氮残留差异不显著(P0.05)。【结论】不同施氮模式对玉米产量、 矿质氮和氧化亚氮的动态变化以及氮肥农学效率具有显著影响,但是Opt和Opt+DCD在施氮量减少20%的同时,不仅没有显著降低玉米产量,还进一步降低了土壤剖面硝态氮的残留量和农业源温室气体的排放。因此在黄土高原雨养农业区,添加DCD是一种科学有效的施肥管理方式。
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| 关 键 词： | 春玉米 氧化亚氮 硝态氮动态 硝化抑制剂 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-12-10 |
Effects of DCD addition on grain yield,N2 O emission and residual nitrate-N of spring maize in rain-fed agriculture |
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| WU De-feng,JIANG Ji-shao,GAO Bing,LIU Yan,WANG Rui,WANG Zhi-qi,DANG Ting-hui,GUO Sheng-li,JU Xiao-tang.Effects of DCD addition on grain yield,N2 O emission and residual nitrate-N of spring maize in rain-fed agriculture[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2016,22(1):30-39. |
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| Authors: | WU De-feng JIANG Ji-shao GAO Bing LIU Yan WANG Rui WANG Zhi-qi DANG Ting-hui GUO Sheng-li JU Xiao-tang |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China; |
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| Abstract: | Objectives]The impacts of nitrate inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD)on crop yields and residuals of soil nitrate N in field have been less reported under field condition. It is of great importance to research its effects in different nitrogen (N) fertilization modes for high maize yield, low N2 O emission and high fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency. Methods] A field experiment was conducted in the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecological Station from April 2013 to September 2014. Pioneer 335, a high-yield spring maize hybrid, was chosen and planted with half plastic film mulching. The experiment consisted of 4 N fertilization treatments with three replicates: conventional N fertilization rate (Con), optimal N fertilization (Opt), optimal N fertilization plus nitrification inhibitor (Opt +DCD) and control treatment (N0). Soil samples and N2 O were gathered at regular intervals, soil mineral N and N2 O were analyzed using continuous flow analyzer and gas chromatograph Results] The Opt and Opt + DCD treatments can maintained the maize yields, and simultaneously significantly influence the N2 O emission and the residuals of nitrate nitrogen. The peak values of nitrate nitrogen are significantly decreased by 13. 7% and 19. 0%in the Opt and Opt + DCD treatments, respectively. The nitrogen application modes also affect the time of peak values. The peak values of nitrate nitrogen are appeared in the Con treatment (190. 1 mg / kg) firstly, and then the Opt (164. 0 mg / kg) and Opt + DCD (132. 9 mg / kg). The N2 O emission is significantly decreased in the Opt treatment (29. 4% ), whereas further decreased (28. 1% ) in the Opt + DCD treatment. The nitrate concentration is fluctuated with precipitation during rainy season. The peak value of ammonium nitrogen is increased in the Opt +DCD treatment, although it is decreased in the Opt treatment. The residuals of nitrate nitrogen at the depth of 0 -100 cm and 100 -200 cm of four nitrogen application modes are in the ranges of 33. 5 -148. 9 kg / hm2 and 24. 8 -92. 8 kg / hm2 , with mean values of 78. 5 mg / kg and 56. 4 kg / hm2 , respectively. The highest accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in profile (0 -200 cm) is in the Con treatment (225. 9 kg / hm2 ), and about 48. 0%-59. 0% and 29. 4%-57. 5% of the accumulation are decreased in the Opt and Opt + DCD treatments compare to that in the Con treatment, respectively. The residuals of nitrate nitrogen between Opt and Opt + DCD have not significant difference. Conclusions]Different N fertilization modes have significant impact on maize yields, dynamics of soil mineral N and N2 O emissions and agronomic efficiency of fertilizer-nitrogen. However, with the N application rate reduced by 20% , the treatments of Opt and Opt + DCD not only maintain the maize yields, but also further decrease the residuals of nitrate nitrogen in soil profile and emissions of greenhouse gas from agricultural sources. Therefore, DCD addition is a kind of scientific and effective fertilization management mode in rain-fed agricultural region of Loess Plateau. |
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| Keywords: | spring maize nitrous oxide NO -3 -N dynamic nitrification inhibitor |
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