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Examining the Optimal Method to Extract Logging Residues from Small-Scale Forestry in the Nasunogahara Area,Tochigi Prefecture,Japan |
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| Authors: | Chikara Nakahata Kazuhiro Aruga Ryo Uemura Masashi Saito Kanae Kanetsuki |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan 2. Frontier Agriscience and Technology Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan 3. Nasunogahara Land Improvement Districts, 447-8 Niwatoko, Nasushiobara, 329-2807, Japan |
| Abstract: | This study examines the optimal method to extract logging residues from small, fragmented and scattered forests separately from the mechanized operational systems used on aggregated forestry operation sites. First, small-scale logging systems operated by a private logging contractor and an individual forest owner were investigated. Regression equations for estimating felling and processing cycle times were established as a function of stem and log volumes, respectively. Equations to estimate the forwarding and transporting cycle times were established as a function of the forwarding and transporting distances using the forwarding and transporting velocities, respectively. Then, equations to estimate productivities and costs were established with the cycle times, volumes and hourly operational expenses consisting of labour and machinery expenses. Finally, costs of the small-scale systems—mini-forwarder and 4 t truck operated by a private logging contractor, and manual logging and light truck operated by an individual forest owner—were estimated and compared with the mechanized operation system operated by the Forest Owners’ Association. The mechanized operation system was found to have the highest cost and could not compete for small forestry operational sites and small stem volumes. The small-scale systems could be effective for harvesting small areas. This was especially true when conducting extracting operations without machines, as done by the individual forest owner, and transporting operations by a private logging contractor, in which the hourly income of the individual forest owner was higher than the hourly labour expenses. |
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