| 凡纳滨对虾室内养殖密度和简易水质调控措施对水质及养殖效果的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴习林,杨展昆,朱其建.凡纳滨对虾室内养殖密度和简易水质调控措施对水质及养殖效果的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(6):894-906. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴习林 杨展昆 朱其建 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学 水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心, 上海 201306,上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学 水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心, 上海 201306,上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学 水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心, 上海 201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目（沪农科攻字[2014]第7-1-11号） |
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| 摘 要： | 采用正交表L20(51×28)安排5种水平放养密度(50、100、170、260、340个/m~2),与增氧方式、是否换水、是否使用微生物制剂和消毒剂4种简易水质调控措施开展室内水泥池凡纳滨对虾养殖实验。通过比较分析水质演变规律、消化酶比活力与养殖效果,综合探讨凡纳滨对虾室内养殖密度及简易水质调控措施效果。结果显示:放养密度显著影响温室水泥池养殖水体水质、对虾生长及产量(P 0. 05),也影响消化酶活性。池水中p H、非离子氨氮(NH_3-Nm)、溶解氧(DO)随着密度增加而下降,硝酸氮(NO_3~--N)、活性磷(PO_4~(3-)-P)、浊度随密度增加而升高。对虾体长与体质量日均增长值、特定生长速率(SGR)及成活率随着密度上升而降低。除胰蛋白酶外,胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶随密度增加呈下降趋势。低放养密度(50～100个/m~2)对虾规格更整齐。持续充气增氧有助于物质转化、改善水环境、提高对虾淀粉酶活力和产量;换水影响养殖效果,改善水质效果明显,可显著降低池水中总氨氮(TAN)、硝酸氮(NO_3~--N)、活性磷(PO_4~(3-)-P)等水化指标含量(P 0. 05),对虾消化酶比活力高;定期投放微生态制剂可显著提高胰蛋白酶活性(P 0. 05),利于对虾的生长,改善水质不明显;投放消毒剂可降低对虾消化酶活性,除溶解氧(DO)外,对改善水质和提高养殖效果作用不明显。结果表明在采取连续充气增氧、养殖60 d始每10天换水12. 5%～25. 0%、每15天投放微生态制剂等简易水质调控措施下,50～100个/m~2是室内水泥池适宜放养密度。研究结果为凡纳滨对虾温室水泥池养殖提供了可靠实践依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 凡纳滨对虾 温室养殖 放养密度 水质演变规律 消化酶活性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/3/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/6/27 0:00:00 |
Effects of indoor aquaculture density and simple water quality control measures on water quality and culture efficiency of Litopenaeus vannamei |
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| DAI Xilin,YANG Zhankun and ZHU Qijian.Effects of indoor aquaculture density and simple water quality control measures on water quality and culture efficiency of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2018,27(6):894-906. |
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| Authors: | DAI Xilin YANG Zhankun and ZHU Qijian |
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| Institution: | National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | Using orthogonal table L20(51×28) to arrange 5 kinds of horizontal stocking density(50, 100, 170, 260, 340 ind/m2), and 4 simple water quality control measures, including aeration mode, whether to change water, whether to use microbial agents or disinfectants, to carry out indoor aquaculture experiment of Litopenaeus vannamei. By comparing and analyzing the evolution rule of water quality, the specific activity of digestive enzymes and the effect of aquaculture, the effects of indoor aquaculture density and simple water quality control measures of Litopenaeus vannamei were comprehensively explored. The results showed that the stocking density significantly affected the water quality of the aquaculture water, the growth and yield of prawns (P < 0.05), and also the activity of digestive enzymes. The pH, nonionic ammonia nitrogen (NH3-Nm) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the pool water decreased with the increase of density, and the nitrogen nitrate (NO3--N), active phosphorus (PO43--P) and turbidity increased with the increase of density. The daily average growth value, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei decreased with the increase of density. Except trypsin, the activity of pepsin, lipase and amylase decreased with the increase of density. The low stocking density(50-100 ind/m2) was more neat. Continuous aeration can help the transformation of material, improve the water environment and increase the activity and yield of amylase in prawn. The effect of water exchange on aquaculture and water quality is obvious, it can significantly reduce the content of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrogen nitrate (NO3--N) and active phosphorus (PO43--P) and other hydration indexes (P <0.05), and the activity of digestive enzyme in prawns was increased; The regular release of microecological agents significantly increased the activity of trypsin (P < 0.05), which is beneficial to the growth of shrimp, but not obvious in improving water quality. The application of disinfectant can reduce the activity of digestive enzymes in shrimp. Besides dissolved oxygen (DO), it has no obvious effect on improving water quality and raising aquaculture effect. The results showed that under the simple water quality control measures such as continuous aeration, aquaculture 60 d began to exchange 12.5%-25.0% water for every 10d and the release of microecologic agents per 15 d, 50-100 ind/m2 is the appropriate stocking density for indoor cement tanks. The results provide a reliable basis for the cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei in greenhouse cement pond. |
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| Keywords: | Litopenaeus vannamei greenhouse culture stocking density water quality variation digestive enzyme activity |
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