Genetic diversity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eremostachys superba</Emphasis> Royle ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), an endangered Himalayan species,as assessed by RAPD |
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| Authors: | Susheel Verma Jawahar L Karihaloo Shailesh K Tiwari Rani Magotra Awtar K Koul |
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| Institution: | (1) Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar Marg, Bahu Wali Rakh, Jammu, J&K, 180006, India;(2) Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology, CG Centres Block, DPS Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India;(3) NRC DNA Fingerprinting, NBPGR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India;(4) Post Graduate Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar Marg, Jammu, J&K, 180006, India |
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| Abstract: | Eremostachys superba Royle ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) has undergone a severe decline in population size since its discovery in the North-western Himalayas
in late 19th century. One hundred and seventy-two plants from six populations in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Jammu
& Kashmir, located between 0.45 km and 455.72 km apart from each other were evaluated for RAPD polymorphism. Sixteen random
primers generated 92 bands overall, 77 of which were polymorphic. Shannon’s index of genetic diversity within populations
(H
o) ranged between 0.305 and 0.421; the average within-population diversity (H
pop) was 0.389; and the total species diversity (H
sp) was 0.478. The population from Mohand (representing the type locality) had the fewest plants, at 18, and was genetically
the most depauperate. Among the other populations, ranging in size between 52 and 1,022 individuals, no relation between population
size and genetic diversity was evident. It is suggested that these six populations represent relics of a larger, extended
population, in which the presence of perennating rootstocks has helped preserve historic patterns of genetic diversity. AMOVA
revealed that 83.01% of the variation exists within populations, which was consistent with earlier studies on the reproductive
biology of E. superba, which indicated this species is predominantly allogamous. FST distances between all populations were significant, indicating
geographic differentiation despite some of them being closely separated. Habitat restoration and protection from indiscriminate
harvesting are proposed as primary strategies for conserving E. superba. Rejuvenation of the Mohand population through intrapopulation crossing between plants bearing diverse molecular phenotypes
is also suggested. |
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| Keywords: | AMOVA Conservation Genetic distance Population genetic structure Shannon’ s index |
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