| 短短芽孢杆菌A57对棉花主要病原真菌的拮抗机理 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈莉,缪卫国,刘海洋,努尔孜亚.短短芽孢杆菌A57对棉花主要病原真菌的拮抗机理[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):149-155. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈莉 缪卫国 刘海洋 努尔孜亚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 新疆农业科学院植保所,乌鲁木齐,830091;新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐,833000
2. 新疆农业科学院植保所,乌鲁木齐,830091 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技都项目
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国家公益性行业(农业)项目
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新疆科技厅资助项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 短短芽孢杆菌A57(Brevibacillus brevs,A57)是从棉花根际土壤分离出来的桔抗细菌。该细菌对棉花立枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.vasinfectum)和黄萎病菌(Verticilli-um dahliae)具有较强拮抗作用,在PDA平板上对峙培养,平均抑制率分别是33.5%、39.5%、29.5%。该菌菌液稀释10倍对立枯病、枯萎病、黄萎病的防效分别是49.8%、56.8%、48.9%。还利用A57不同稀释度的无细胞滤液培养棉花无菌胚,发现无细胞滤液对棉花幼苗具有一定的促生作用,其中稀释500倍的促生作用最大,其胚轴20.2 mm,对照16.4 mm,较对照增加24.4%,从其无菌胚长成的幼苗提取浸提液,发现浸提液对棉花枯萎病菌仍有一定的拮抗作用,抑制率为5.7%。通过显微镜观察,发现A57菌株的主要拮抗机理是通过产生拮抗物质造成病原真菌菌丝体断裂、扭曲、畸形,抑制分生孢子的萌发,造成孢子畸形。用(NH4)2SO4沉淀法提取A57菌株的粗蛋白,对供试的病原菌仍具有较高的拮抗活性,70%浓度时其拮抗活性最大,A57粗提蛋白对棉花枯萎病菌的最大抑制率为23.7%,同时该菌经(NH4)2SO4沉淀后获得的粗提蛋白的上清液对病原指示菌仍具有一定的拮抗活性。以枯萎病菌为指示菌,研究了该菌株表现最佳拮抗活性时的菌液发酵条件,结果表明,A57适宜培养基为LB培养基,pH8,好气条件下抑菌活性最好。
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| 关 键 词： | A57 Brevibacillusbrevs 粗提蛋白 抑菌机理 防病 促生 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007/7/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2008/2/10 0:00:00 |
Antagonistic Mechanism of Brevibacillus brevs A57 against Cotton Mainly Pathogenic Fungus |
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| CHEN Li,MIAO Wei-guo,LIU Hai-yang and NUERZi-ya.Antagonistic Mechanism of Brevibacillus brevs A57 against Cotton Mainly Pathogenic Fungus[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(4):149-155. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Li MIAO Wei-guo LIU Hai-yang and NUERZi-ya |
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| Institution: | Istitute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi 833000, China;Istitute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Istitute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi 833000, China;Istitute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China |
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| Abstract: | The bacterial strain A57(Brevibacillus brevs) isolated from cotton soil showed stronger antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae,its average inhibitory rate is 33.5%,39.5% 29.5% respectively on PDA plate.The extracted filtrate from cotton seedling which is treated by the antagonistic bacteria's extract filtrate,tested activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum.The result showed inhibition rate was 5.7%.Cotton seed was treated by the filtrate liquid of A57 strain with different dilution times,and was planted in the nutrition soil which was inoculated by three pathogens respectively,the control effect of the filtrates produced from antagonistic bacteria A57 with 10 folds dilution against damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt,was 49.8%,56.8% and 48.9% respectively.The antagonism of exudates filtrate of A57antagonistic strain with different dilution times was produced too on modified PDA plates,we put the asepsis seed embryo on it,we found that the extract filtrate enhanced the germination of cotton seed.Hypocotyl length by extract filtrate treatment is 20.2 mm,and hypocotyl length by control treatment is 16.44 mm,but the dilution 10 folds of the filtrate liquid caused radical intumescence and abnormality.The examination of antagonistic mechanism under light microscope showed that the antagonistic substance of A57 appeared to inhibit pathogens by leading to mycelium rupture,distortion,abnormality,and inhibition bourgeon of conidiophore,and leading to abnormality of conidiophore.The crude protein of A57 obtained by(NH4)2SO4 precipitation still has the stronger antagonistic activity against the pathogen,the inhibitory rate of the crude protein is 23.7%,A57 crude protein is centrifugalized and the supernatant also has the antagonistic activity against the pathogen,that suggest the antagonistic substance of A57 contain not only protien but also small molecule substance.The antagonistic bacteria's fermentation condition was produced,the results indicated that the best fermentation condition of A57 with the strongest antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum was as follows : LB culture medium,pH8,requiring oxygen. |
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| Keywords: | A57 Brevibacillus brevs Crude protein Antagonistic mechanism Control effect Growth-promoting effect |
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