| 黄淮海区域现代夏玉米品种产量与养分吸收规律 |
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| 基金项目： | This study was supported by the Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT02-08);the National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFD0300106);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771713);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371576);the Agricultural Major Applied Technological Innovation in Shandong Province |
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| 摘 要： | 为玉米合理施肥,实现高产高效提供理论依据,2016年在济南商河国家农作物新品种展示示范中心和山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室进行试验,于玉米完熟期进行植株取样,测定产量、产量构成因素和植株矿质元素含量,探究黄淮海区域现代夏玉米品种的产量与养分吸收规律。探测分析和正态分布检测结果表明单株生产力、单株生物产量、千粒重和籽粒产量分别符合正态分布N (167.0, 22.722)、N (285.0, 33.472)、N (318.0, 35.752)和N (10.9,1.502),其变化范围为141.55～246.99 g株–1、197.68～389.92 g株–1、226.58～413.76 g和5.84～13.41 t hm~(–2)。每生产100kg籽粒氮素需求量平均为1.95 kg,单位籽粒氮素需求量随籽粒产量提高呈降低趋势。当产量水平由7.0 t hm~(–2)增加到8.0～9.0 t hm~(–2)时,每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量从2.15 kg降低到1.96 kg,主要是收获指数升高和籽粒氮浓度降低造成的;当产量水平由8.0～9.0 t hm~(–2)增加到10.0～11.0 t hm~(–2)时,每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量从1.96 kg降低到1.84 kg,主要是籽粒氮浓度降低造成的;当产量水平由10.0～11.0 t hm~(–2)增加到11.0 t hm~(–2)时,单位籽粒氮素需求量基本不再变化。生产100kg玉米籽粒的磷素需求量平均为0.97kg,其与籽粒产量呈显著负相关,从产量水平7.0t hm~(–2)的1.07 kg下降到产量水平11.0 t hm~(–2)的0.92 kg,这是由收获指数升高和籽粒磷浓度降低造成的。生产100 kg玉米籽粒钾素需求量平均为1.89 kg,其与籽粒产量呈显著负相关,从产量水平7.0 t hm~(–2)的2.14 kg下降到产量水平11.0 t hm~(–2)的1.74 kg,这是由收获指数升高、茎秆钾浓度增加和叶片钾浓度降低造成的。当前黄淮海区域现代玉米品种籽粒产量为(8.91±1.23)thm~(–2),生产100kg籽粒的氮素、磷素和钾素需求量的变化范围分别为(1.95±0.24)、(0.97±0.11)和(1.89±0.28)kg。氮磷钾需求量随产量的提高而增加,但每生产100kg籽粒产量的氮素、磷素和钾素需求量随着产量升高而下降。
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| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-24 |
Regulation of grain yield and nutrient absorption of modern summer maize varieties in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers region |
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| Authors: | CHENG Yi LIU Peng LIU Yu-Wen PANG Shang-Shui DONG Shu-Ting ZHANG Ji-Wang ZHAO Bin REN Bai-Zhao |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;2.Agricultural Bureau of Shanghe County, Jinan 251600, Shandong, China;3.Jinan New Oasis Agriculture Development Co. LTD, Jinan 251600, Shandong, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the grain yield and nutrient absorption of modern summer maize varieties in the Yellow-Huaihe- Haihe Rivers region, with the aim at proposing the theoretical basis for rational application of fertilizer, and high yield and high efficiency production, the experiment was conducted in 2016 at National Demonstration Center for New Crop Varieties in Shanghe, Jinan and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University in Tai’an. Plants were sampled at maturity stage, and the grain yield, yield components, and mineral element uptake and utilization of plants were analyzed. Exploring analyses and normality tests showed that yield per plant, biomass per plant, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield were all conformed to normal distribution, with N (167.0, 22.72 2), N (285.0, 33.47 2), N (318.0, 35.75 2), and N (10.9, 1.50 2), ranging from 141.55 to 246.99 g plant -1, from 197.68 to 389.92 g plant -1, from 226.58 to 413.76 g 1000 kernel -1, and from 5.84 to 13.41 t hm -2, respectively. The average N requirement per 100 kg grain was 1.95 kg and declined with increasing grain yield. When the yield increased from < 7.0 t hm -2 to 8.0-9.0 t hm -2, the N requirement per 100 kg grain decreased from 2.15 to 1.96 kg due to increasing harvest index and decreasing grain N concentration. When the yield increased from 8.0-9.0 t hm -2 to 9.0-11.0 t hm -2, the N requirement per 100 kg grain decreased from 1.96 to 1.84 kg due to decreasing grain N concentration. When the yield was more than 11.0 t hm -2, the N requirement per 100 kg grain tended to be stable. The average P requirement per 100 kg grain was 0.97 kg, which was negatively correlated with grain yield, and declined from 1.07 to 0.92 kg when the yield increased from < 7.0 t hm -2 to > 11.0 t hm -2 due to increasing harvest index and declining grain P concentrations. The average K requirement per 100 kg grain was 1.89 kg, which was negatively correlated with grain yield, showing a decrease from 2.14 to 1.74 kg when the yield increased from < 7.0 t hm -2 to > 11.0 t hm -2, which was attributed to the increase of the harvest index and stem potassium concentrations, and the decline in leaf potassium concentrations. The grain yield of main maize varieties currently grown in the Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers region was (8.91±1.23) t hm -2, with the N, P2O5, and K2O requirement per 100 kg grain of (1.95±0.24), (0.97±0.11), and (1.89±0.28) kg, respectively. The N, P, and K requirement for plant growth increased with increasing grain yield, while the average N, P2O5 and K2O requirement for producing 100 kg grain declined with increasing grain yield. |
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| Keywords: | the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers region maize yield grain yield nutrient uptake |
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