Assessment of ecosystem services as an opportunity for the conservation and management of native forests in Chile |
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| Authors: | A Lara C Little R Urrutia J McPhee C Álvarez-Garretón C Oyarzún D Soto P Donoso L Nahuelhual M Pino I Arismendi |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;2. Núcleo Milenio FORECOS, Iniciativa Científica Milenio and Fundación FORECOS, Chile;3. Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;4. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile;5. Instituto de Geociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;6. Instituto de Economía Agraria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile |
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| Abstract: | This paper quantifies two important native forest ecosystem services in southern Chile: water supply and recreational fishing opportunities. We analyzed streamflow in relation to forest cover in six watersheds located in the Valdivian Coastal Range (39°50′–40°05′S), the effect of forest management on streamflow in two watersheds in the Valdivian Andes (600–650 m of elevation; 39°37′S), and fish abundance as a function of forest cover in 17 watersheds located in the Coastal Range and the Central Depression (39°50′–42°30′S). We found that the annual direct runoff coefficient (quickflow/precipitation) and total streamflow/precipitation in the dry summer season were positively correlated with native forest cover in the watershed (R2 = 0.67 and 0.76; *P = 0.045 and 0.027, respectively) during four years of observations. Conversely, a negative correlation was found between summer runoff coefficients (total streamflow/precipitation) and cover of Eucalyptus spp. and Pinusradiata plantations (R2 = 0.84; *P = 0.010). We estimated a mean increase of 14.1% in total summer streamflow for every 10% increase in native forest cover in the watershed. The analysis of streamflow changes between two paired watersheds dominated by native secondary Nothofagus stands, one thinned with 35% of basal area removal and a control, showed that the former had a 40% increase during summer (four years of observations). The best correlation between fish abundance and forest cover was found between trout abundance (%) and secondary native forest area in 1000 m × 60 m stream buffers (R2 = 0.65, ***P < 0.0001). We estimated a 14.6% increase in trout abundance for every 10% increase of native forest cover in these buffers. Similar approaches to quantify forest ecosystem services could be used elsewhere and provide useful information for policy and decision-making regarding forest conservation and management. |
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| Keywords: | Ecosystem services Streamflow Water supply Recreational fishing Forest policy Valdivian Rainforest Ecoregion Climatic change mitigation |
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