| 苏北典型葡萄种植集聚区土壤肥力特征与施肥对策——以灌南县为例 |
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| 作者姓名： | 马啸驰 黑若楠 姚怡 韩烽 杨贵婷 郭德杰 汤茂锋 罗佳 马艳 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室, 南京 210014;吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118;江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118;灌南县广盛农业科技有限公司, 江苏 灌南 222500 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（21）2024）；苏北科技专项（SZ-LYG202020）；江苏现代农业（葡萄）产业技术体系建设项目（JATS[2022]446） |
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| 摘 要： | 了解葡萄种植集聚区土壤肥力特征是有效制定土壤与精准施肥管理措施的重要前提。本研究选取苏北灌南县为研究对象，对55家设施葡萄园非施肥区和施肥区土壤主要肥力指标进行了测定，运用主成分分析与隶属度函数相结合的模糊综合评价法，对土壤肥力特征进行了综合分析与评价。结果表明，葡萄园施肥区土壤综合肥力整体处于较高水平，其中有机质和全氮的指标权重最大，分别为18.98%和18.02%，是影响葡萄园土壤肥力的关键因子。与非施肥区土壤相比，施肥区有14.55%和10.91%的土壤分别存在有机质和全氮含量降低现象。研究区土壤pH均呈碱性，是限制土壤肥力的主要因子。葡萄园本底有效磷含量普遍偏低，均值为19.51 mg·kg-1，而速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁含量均处于较高水平，均值分别为364.55、12 346.52 mg·kg-1和816.66 mg·kg-1。施肥区土壤有效磷含量处于较高水平，均值为69.87 mg·kg-1，但仍有20.00%的土壤有效磷含量处于中等及以下水平。研究表明，苏北设施葡萄园应注重土壤酸碱度的调节及磷肥的适量补充，控制钾、钙、镁肥的投入，合理增施有机肥。
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| 关 键 词： | 苏北，设施葡萄园，土壤养分，综合评价，管理措施 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/8/2 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/10/15 0:00:00 |
Soil fertility characteristics and strategy of fertilization for the typical grape-growing district in northern Jiangsu Province: a case study of Guannan County |
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| Authors: | MA Xiaochi HEI Ruonan YAO Yi HAN Feng YANG Guiting GUO Dejie TANG Maofeng LUO Ji MA Yan |
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| Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China;College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;Guannan Guangsheng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Guannan 222500, China |
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| Abstract: | Understanding the characteristics of soil fertility in the typical grape-growing district is a prerequisite for developing efficient soil and fertilization management strategies. The soil fertility characteristics in non-fertilization and fertilization areas of 55 protected vineyards in Guannan County northern Jiangsu Province were analyzed and comprehensively evaluated by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, which combined principal component analysis with membership function approach. Results revealed that the integrated soil fertility was at a good level; the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content had the highest evaluation weight with values of 18.98% and 18.02%, respectively among soil nutrient variables, which were key factors that influenced the soil fertility. However, 14.55% and 10.91% of the soil sampled in the fertilization area had decreased soil organic matter and total nitrogen content, respectively, compared with the non-fertilization area. Alkaline soil pH restricted soil fertility level in the fertilization area. The background value of soil available P content was generally low, with a mean value of 19.51 mg·kg-1; however, the content of available K, exchangeable Ca2+, and exchangeable Mg2+ in soils were at high levels with values of 364.55, 12 346.52 mg·kg-1, and 816.66 mg·kg-1, respectively. In the fertilization area, available P content was at a high level with a mean value of 69.87 mg·kg-1; however, available P content which was equal to or below the medium level was found in 20.00% of the soil samples. In conclusion, the soil pH and input of P, K, Ca, and Mg fertilizers need to be finely-tuned in protected vineyards in northern Jiangsu Province. Meanwhile, increases in the use and amount of organic fertilizer would be an efficient way to enhance the soil fertility. |
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| Keywords: | northern Jiangsu Province protected vineyard soil nutrient comprehensive evaluation management measure |
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