| 南岳衡山野生油料植物资源及其特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵丛笑,夏江林,彭珍宝,旷柏根,谢咏红.南岳衡山野生油料植物资源及其特征[J].湖南林业科技,2013(4):48-52. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵丛笑 夏江林 彭珍宝 旷柏根 谢咏红 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南省南岳树木园,湖南衡阳421900 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖南省科技厅项目（2011H3061）. |
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| 摘 要： | 采用线路调查和样地调查相结合,并参阅前人已有的研究成果及文献资料的方法,对南岳衡山野生油料植物资源及其特征进行研究。结果是:南岳衡山有油料植物(种子植物)309种,归属于93科180属,其中油脂植物80科165属263种,精油植物33科46属80种。油料植物科含属一级的大小级中,随属级的大小级增加,科的数量逐渐减少,油料植物属有相对集中于少属科的倾向;随种级的大小级增加,科的变化规律不明显。油脂植物科含属一级和含种一级的大小级均随大小级的增加而科数逐渐减小,以含1属(种)和2～4属(种)的科占绝大多数。精油植物以含1属的科和1种的科占绝对优势,没有≥10属和≥10种的科。油料植物以木本植物为主,占70.55%;草本植为辅,占29.45%。油脂植物中木本植物占78.71%,草本植物占21.29%;精油植物木本植物占45.00%,草本植物占55.00%。含油器官大多为果实、种子。起始含油量(19.0%)以上的野生油脂植物140种,占全区油脂植物53.23%;油脂植物中有大量的富油植物(含油量≥50.0%)和较富油植物(含油量40.0%～49.9%),其含油量最高达73.8%。油脂植物的脂肪酸组成中,有富含油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的植物,还有一些类群富含低碳原子脂肪酸、桐酸、癸酸、棕榈酸等特用脂肪酸。
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| 关 键 词： | 油料植物 油脂 精油 野生 南岳衡山 |
Resources and features of the wild oil bearing plants in Nanyue Hengshan Mountain |
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| ZHAO Congxiao,XIA Jianglin,PENG Zhenbao,KUANG Baigen,XIE Yonghong.Resources and features of the wild oil bearing plants in Nanyue Hengshan Mountain[J].Hunan Forestry Science & Technology,2013(4):48-52. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Congxiao XIA Jianglin PENG Zhenbao KUANG Baigen XIE Yonghong |
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| Institution: | ( Nanyue Arboretum of Hunan Province, Hengyang 421900, China) |
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| Abstract: | By using a mixture of traverse survey and sample area survey, in addition to referring to existing research results and litera- ture, the resources and their characteristics of wild oil bearing plants in Nanyue Hengshan Mountain were studied. The results showed that, there were 309 species of wild oil bearing plants （spermatophyte） which belonged to 93 families and 180 genera in Nanyue Heng- shah Mountain. Among them, 263 ones （ belonging to 80 families and 165 genera） contained grease and the other 80 ones （ belonging to 33 families and 46 genera） contained volatile oil. In the oil bearing plants＇ size class which included genus level, with the increase of size class of genus level, the number of families reduced gradually and oil bearing plant genus tended to concentrate on a few fami- lies. With the increase of size class of species level, families＇ regular changing was not obvious. For oil bearing plant ＇s genus level families and species level families, the number of both families reduced gradually with the increase of their size class, tile majority fam- ilies were those ones which contained one genus （species） or 2 to 4 genera （species） . Volatile oil plants were dominated by those families which contained one genus or one species （there were no families which contained ≥ 10 genus or ≥ 10 species） . For oil plants, woody plants accounted for 70. 55% and herbaceous plants accounted for 29.45%. For grease plants, woody plants accounted for 78.7 1% and herbaceous plants accounted for 21. 29%. For volatile oil plants, woody plants accounted for 45.00% and herbaceous plants accounted for 55.00%. Most of the oil-bearing organs were fruits and seeds. There were 140 kinds of wild grease plants whoseoil content were larger than 19%, accounting for 53.23% of all of the district＇ s grease plants. Among these grease plants, there were a lot of oil-rich plants （ oil content ≥50.0% ） and oil-relative-rich plants （ oil content 40.00% - 49.90% ） ,whose highest oil content was up to 73.8%. From fatty acid composition perspective, not only there were some grease plants which were rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, but also there were some groups which were rich in special fatty acids including low-carbon fatty acids, eleostearic acid, capric acid, palmitic acid. |
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| Keywords: | oil bearing plants grease volatile oil wild Nanyue Hengshan Mountain |
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