| 不同氮效率油菜品种碳素累积转运差异及其对油分形成的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张晓龙,张振华,宋海星,余佳玲,官春云.不同氮效率油菜品种碳素累积转运差异及其对油分形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(18):3542-3550. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张晓龙 张振华 宋海星 余佳玲 官春云 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（31372130，31101596）、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划（2012BAD15BO4，2014BAC09B01-01） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究不同氮效率油菜品种碳素累积转运差异,为揭示氮高效品种协调籽粒碳氮代谢矛盾、促进油分形成的机理提供理论依据。【方法】采用土培试验,以不同氮效率油菜品种为供试材料,在正常供氮和氮胁迫条件下,研究不同生育期(抽薹期、开花期、角果发育期和收获期)碳素累积与器官分布的差异,并用~(13)C标记技术测定营养器官碳素向生殖器官的再分配比例与再分配量,分析碳素累积转运对籽粒产量形成与油分累积的影响。【结果】氮高效品种的籽粒油分含量略高于氮低效品种,但2种供氮水平下品种间差异均未达到显著水平,而油分产量氮高效品种显著高于氮低效品种;与氮胁迫处理相比,正常供氮处理的油分含量略有降低,但油分产量显著增加。植株碳素累积量各生育期都表现为氮高效品种略高于氮低效品种,但品种间差异也均未达到显著水平;同一品种不同供氮水平处理之间的碳素累积量差异较大,正常供氮处理显著高于氮胁迫处理。不同氮效率油菜品种器官碳素分配比例存在差异,氮高效品种抽薹期和开花期叶片和根的碳素分配比例以及角果发育期和收获期角果与籽粒的碳素分配比例均大于氮低效品种,而全生育期茎中碳分配比例以及角果发育期和收获期根中的碳素分配比例却小于氮低效品种。与氮胁迫处理相比,正常供氮处理的抽薹期和开花期叶中碳素分配增多、根中碳素分配减少,收获期籽粒的碳素分配也是正常供氮处理高于氮胁迫处理。随着生殖生长进程,营养器官碳素向生殖器官的再分配比例和量逐渐增加,品种间差异也逐渐加大。开花期向花的再分配比例和量,氮胁迫条件下氮高效品种低于氮低效品种,正常供氮条件下则相反,但2种氮水平下的品种间差异均不显著;角果发育期向角果的再分配比例和量以及收获期向籽粒的再分配比例和量,2个氮水平均表现为氮高效品种高于氮低效品种,但只有正常供氮条件下差异显著;收获期向角果皮的再分配比例和量,氮胁迫条件下氮高效品种低于氮低效品种,正常供氮条件下则相反,但只有氮胁迫条件下差异显著。油菜收获时50%以上抽薹期累积碳素已离开营养器官,抽薹期累积的碳素减少比例与向生殖器官转运再分配的碳素比例具有相同的处理间变化趋势,但由于碳水化合物的呼吸消耗,碳素减少比例远大于碳素转运再分配比例。【结论】不同氮效率油菜品种各生育期碳素累积量并没有明显差异,但是氮高效品种生长后期有更多的营养器官碳素向生殖器官尤其是向籽粒转运,这是氮高效品种籽粒形成过程中争取更多碳源,缓解碳氮代谢矛盾,促进油分形成的重要机理之一。
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| 关 键 词： | 油菜 碳素累积 碳素转运 油分形成 氮效率 /> |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-01-25 |
Differences in Carbon Accumulation and Transport in Brassica napus with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Its Effects on Oil Formation |
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| ZHANG Xiao-long,ZHANG Zhen-hua,SONG Hai-xing,YU Jia-ling,GUAN Chun-yun.Differences in Carbon Accumulation and Transport in Brassica napus with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Its Effects on Oil Formation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(18):3542-3550. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xiao-long ZHANG Zhen-hua SONG Hai-xing YU Jia-ling GUAN Chun-yun |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The differences in carbon (C) accumulation and transport in Brassica napus with different nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE), were studied in order to supply a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of high NUE genotypes in coordinating the contradiction between C and N metabolism and promoting oil formation.【Method】A soil culture experiment was conducted to study the differences of C accumulation and distribution in different organs of B. napus with different NUE at different growth stages (stem elongation stage, flowering stage, silique stage and harvest stage) under normal- and limited-N conditions, and using 13C isotope labeling to determine the C redistribution proportion and amount from vegetative organs to reproductive organs, analyze the contribution of C accumulation and transport to grain yield and oil accumulation.【Result】No significant differences in grain oil content between high- and low-NUE genotypes under the normal and limited-N application levels were observed, but the oil yield of high-NUE genotype was significantly higher than that of low-NUE genotype. Compared with limited-N, oil content was slightly decreased, but oil production was increased significantly under normal-N. There was no differences in C accumulation amount between high- and low-NUE genotypes, while the differences in C accumulation amount at different N application levels was significant, C accumulation amount of normal –N was significantly higher than that of limited-N. C allocation proportion in plant organs between high- and low-NUE genotypes was different, C allocation proportion in roots and leaves of high-NUE genotype was higher than that of low-NUE genotype at stem elongation stage and flowering stage, and C allocation proportion in silique and grain of high-NUE genotype was higher than that of low-NUE genotype at silique stage and harvest stage. While, C allocation proportion in stem of high-NUE genotype was lower than that of low-NUE genotype at the whole growth stage, and C allocation proportion in stem and root of high-NUE genotype was lower than that of low-NUE genotype at the whole growth stage. Compared with limited-N, C allocation proportion in leaves was increased at stem elongation stage and flowering stage under normal-N, while C allocation proportion in root was decreased. In addition, C allocation proportion in grain at harvest stage under normal-N was higher than what was observed in limited-N. As the development of plant growth stages, C distribution proportion and amount from vegetative organs to reproductive organs was gradually increased, the differences between genotypes were increased. Redistribution proportion and amount of C from vegetative organs to silique at silique stage and redistribution proportion and amount of C from vegetative organs to grain at harvest stage in high-NUE genotype was higher than that in low-NUE genotype, the significant different was occurred under normal-N. Redistribution proportion and amount of C in silique of high-NUE genotype was lower than that in low-NUE genotype under limited-N, and reversed results was observed under normal-N, the significant difference was occurred under limited-N. The 50% or more of C accumulation at stem elongation stage was left from vegetative organs, which was corresponding with redistribution proportion into reproductive organs, but C reduction proportion was significantly higher than C re-distribution proportion, which was because of the carbohydrate respiration consumption. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant difference in C accumulation between high- and low-NUE B. napus genotypes at different growth stages. However, higher proportion of C was redistributed from vegetative organs to reproductive organs in high-NUE genotype than that in low-NUE genotype at later growth stages. This is one of the important mechanisms for high-NUE genotype possesses with higher C source to relieve the contradictions between C and N, and promote oil formation during the process of grain formation. |
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| Keywords: | Brassica napus carbon accumulation carbon transport oil formation nitrogen use efficiency |
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