| 不同遗传背景香蕉品种间轮作控制香蕉枯萎病的效果分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王芳,曾莉莎,周海琪,陈康丽,吕顺,夏玲,刘文清,张珂恒,唐琪璐,刘建平.不同遗传背景香蕉品种间轮作控制香蕉枯萎病的效果分析[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(4):840-852. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王芳 曾莉莎 周海琪 陈康丽 吕顺 夏玲 刘文清 张珂恒 唐琪璐 刘建平 |
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| 作者单位： | 东莞市农业科学研究中心,广东东莞 523000 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2020KJ109) |
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| 摘 要： | 香蕉种质资源丰富,不同香蕉品种对各个枯萎病生理小种的耐受性不同,利用遗传背景差异大、抗性不同的香蕉品种进行轮作可能达到防控香蕉枯萎病的效果。本研究选取华南地区常见的香牙蕉、粉蕉、龙牙蕉、贡蕉等栽培蕉类型作为研究材料,通过对24个香蕉品种的遗传多样性进行分析,结合生产应用,筛选遗传背景不同并且具有一定抗枯萎病的品种,进行香蕉品种间轮作模式对香蕉枯萎病的防控效果研究,以筛选高效栽培模式。利用29对SRAP引物对24份香蕉资源进行遗传多样性分析,选择属于不同遗传类群的5个抗病品种：‘粉杂1号’（第1类群）、‘海贡’（第2类群）、‘农科1号’（第5类群）、‘抗枯1号’（第5类群）和‘南天黄’（第5类群）进行品种轮作模式研究,统计土壤中枯萎病菌的数量以及枯萎病的田间发病率。试验筛选出29对扩增清晰、多态性好的SRAP引物,对24份香蕉资源进行遗传多样性分析,聚类结果表明,遗传相似系数变异范围为0.1~1.0,遗传差异较大,构建的聚类树状图在相似性系数为0.80时,可以将24个香蕉品种分为6类,分类结果与传统的形态分类基本一致,同时发现香牙蕉品种具有一定的遗传分化,可见SRAP分子标记适用于亚种或者更细的香蕉分类。在连作‘农科1号’的蕉地上分别轮作1 a‘粉杂1号’‘海贡’‘抗枯1号’‘南天黄’后,‘粉杂1号’和‘海贡’的根围土壤中的枯萎病菌数量显著降低;再种回‘农科1号’,轮作处理组的枯萎病发病率均降低,并且‘农科1号’-‘粉杂1号’1 a -‘农科1号’1 a、‘农科1号’-‘海贡’1 a -‘农科1号’1 a这2种轮作模式的枯萎病发病率显著降低,是控制香蕉枯萎病发生的有效栽培模式。可见采用遗传背景差异大的抗病品种进行合理轮作可以有效降低土壤中枯萎病菌的数量和香蕉枯萎病的发病率,达到防病的效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 香蕉品种 SRAP 遗传多样性 轮作 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-27 |
Effect of Rotation of Banana Varieties with Different Genetic Backgrounds on Controlling Fusarium Wilt |
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| WANG Fang,ZENG Lisha,ZHOU Haiqi,CHEN Kangli,LYU Shun,XIA Ling,LIU Wenqing,ZHANG Keheng,TANG Qilu,LIU Jianping.Effect of Rotation of Banana Varieties with Different Genetic Backgrounds on Controlling Fusarium Wilt[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(4):840-852. |
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| Authors: | WANG Fang ZENG Lisha ZHOU Haiqi CHEN Kangli LYU Shun XIA Ling LIU Wenqing ZHANG Keheng TANG Qilu LIU Jianping |
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| Institution: | Dongguan Agricultural Research Centre, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China |
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| Abstract: | Banana is rich in germplasm resources. Different banana varieties have different tolerance to each physiological race of Fusarium wilt. Using banana varieties with large differences in genetic background and different resistance for rotation may achieve the effect of preventing and controlling banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, the common cultivated banana types in South China were selected as the research materials, including Cavendish (AAA), Pisang Awak (ABB), Silk (AAB), Gongjiao (AA). Combined with production application, the varieties with different genetic backgrounds and Fusarium wilt resistance were screened through the analysis of genetic diversity of 24 banana varieties. Then, the control effect of rotation modes with different genetic background and Fusarium wilt resistance was studied, and the high-efficiency cultivation mode was selected. 29 primer pairs, which could produce distinct and polymorphic bands, were chosen for SRAP analysis. The results showed that its similarity coefficients ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 and thus a bigger genetic distance, and 24 varieties were clustered into 6 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.8, which indicated that SRAP technique could be used as a good tool to study bananas’ genetic relationships, and the analysis results showed that there was a certain genetic differentiation in cavendish (AAA), especially the disease-resistant varieties. Then, five resistant cultivars belonging to different genetic branches, ‘Fenza 1’ (group 1), ‘Haigong’ (group 2), ‘Nongke 1’ (group 5), ‘Kangku 1’ (group 5) and ‘Nantianhuang’ (group 5) were screened out to study the pattern of banana rotation by investigating the number of F. oxysporum in rhizosphere soil and the incidence rate. The statistical results showed that rotated ‘Fenza 1’ ‘Haigong’ ‘Kangku 1’ and ‘Nantianhuang’ on the banana field of continuous cropping ‘Nongke 1’ for one year, the number of F. oxysporum in rhizosphere soil of ‘Fenza 1’ and ‘Haigong’ decreased significantly, while the number of F. oxysporum in rhizosphere soil of ‘Kangku 1’ and ‘Nantianhuang’ decreased but the difference was not significant. The incidence of Fusarium wilt of ‘Nongke 1’ in the rotation treatment group was reduced relative to continuous cropping, and the Fusarium wilt incidence rate of two rotation mode, ‘Nongke 1’ - ‘Fenza 1’ one year - ‘Nongke 1’ one year and ‘Nongke 1’ - ‘Haigong’ one year - ‘Nongke 1’ one year decreased significantly. So reasonable rotation of resistant varieties with different genetic backgrounds can effectively reduce the number of F. oxysporum in soil and the incidence rate of Fusarium wilt of banana, which can achieve the effect of disease prevention. |
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| Keywords: | banana cultivar SRAP genetic diversity rotation |
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