| 有机肥替代化肥氮素对麦田土壤碳氮迁移特征的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨修一,耿计彪,于起庆,闫早发,李慧,崔园超,杨皓.有机肥替代化肥氮素对麦田土壤碳氮迁移特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(5):230-236. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨修一 耿计彪 于起庆 闫早发 李慧 崔园超 杨皓 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室, 临沂大学资源环境学院, 临沂大学农林科学学院, 山东 临沂 276000 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2018PD001）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2017M622120）；山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室开放基金项目（STKF201606） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用小麦田间试验,设置控释尿素(CRU)、有机肥(OF)替代30%,50%,70%控释尿素氮量处理,并以普通尿素(Urea)为对照,研究等氮条件下有机肥替代不同比例化肥氮素对土壤碳氮迁移特征及小麦产量的影响。结果表明:有机肥处理小麦总生物量较Urea显著增加13.83%～17.57%,籽粒产量增加1.6%～10.5%,随有机肥替代化肥氮素比例增加,籽粒增产效应降低,70%OF与Urea无显著差异,但显著低于CRU处理。CRU、30%OF和50%OF处理氮素农学效率较Urea显著提高90.2%～124.4%,70%OF与Urea相比差异不显著。有机肥比例增加,土壤总碳含量呈上升趋势,且高于CRU和Urea;全氮含量大致呈下降趋势,整个生育期先增加后降低,30%OF自灌浆期至成熟期含量高于其他施氮处理。随土层深度增加,硝态氮和铵态氮含量减少,有机肥比例增加,各层土壤硝态氮减少,铵态氮增加(尤以返青期最为显著);整个生育期土壤无机氮呈下降趋势,但与Urea相比,有机肥处理的硝态氮主要集中在0—40 cm土层,且0—100 cm土壤铵态氮含量高于Urea和CRU(苗期除外)。因此,用30%～50%有机肥替代化肥氮素,配合控释尿素施用,可显著增加土壤总碳和铵态氮含量,减少60—100 cm土壤硝态氮淋溶,提高小麦氮素利用率和籽粒产量。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机肥 控释尿素 小麦 产量 土壤碳素 土壤氮素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/4/8 0:00:00 |
Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Nitrogen of Chemical Fertilizer on Transport Characteristics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Wheat Field |
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| YANG Xiuyi,GENG Jibiao,YV Qiqing,YAN Zaof,LI Hui,CUI Yuanchao,YANG Hao.Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Nitrogen of Chemical Fertilizer on Transport Characteristics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Wheat Field[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,33(5):230-236. |
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| Authors: | YANG Xiuyi GENG Jibiao YV Qiqing YAN Zaof LI Hui CUI Yuanchao YANG Hao |
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| Institution: | Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, College of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000 |
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| Abstract: | A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen of chemical fertilizer on transporting characteristics of soil carbon/nitrogen and wheat yield. The treatments included controlled release urea (CRU), organic fertilizer (OF) replacing 30%, 50% and 70% nitrogen dosage of controlled release urea, with the common urea (Urea) as the control. The results showed that the total biomass of organic fertilizer treatments were significantly increased by 13.83%~17.57%, the grain yield increased by 1.6%~10.5% compared with Urea. With the increase of replacing proportions of organic fertilizer, the increase effect on yield was reduced, and no significant difference was observed between 70%OF and Urea, but they were still significantly lower than the CRU treatment. The agronomic use efficiencies of CRU, 30%OF and 50%OF were significantly improved by 90.2%~124.4% compared with Urea. But there was no significant difference between 70%OF and Urea. The nitrogen partial productivity among organic fertilizer treatments and CRU showed no significant difference. With the increase of replacing proportion of organic fertilizer, the soil total carbon contents showed an upward trend, which was higher than CRU and Urea. However, the total nitrogen contents generally showed a downward trend with the increase of organic fertilizer. During the whole growth period, total nitrogen contents increased from sowing to regreening stage and then decreased. The total nitrogen contents of 30%OF were higher than those in other nitrogen fertilization treatments from grouting stage to maturity stage. With the increase of soil depth, the contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen decreased. With the increased proportion of organic fertilizer, the nitrate nitrogen contents decreased, but ammonium nitrogen increased in each layer of soil (especially in the regreening period). Inorganic nitrogen contents in soil showed a declining trend during the whole growth period. However, compared with Urea, the nitrate nitrogen treated with organic fertilizer was mainly concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and the contents of ammonium nitrogen in 0-100 cm soil was higher than Urea and CRU (except seedling stage). Therefore, the application of 30%~50% organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen of chemical fertilizer, combined with controlled release urea, could significantly increase the contents of soil total carbon and ammonium nitrogen, reduce the nitrate nitrogen leaching in 60-100 cm soil, and improve the nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of wheat. |
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| Keywords: | organic fertilizer controlled release urea wheat yield soil carbon soil nitrogen |
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