| 渭北旱地麦田配施有机肥减量施氮的作用效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 张昊青,于昕阳,翟丙年,金忠宇,马臣,王朝辉.渭北旱地麦田配施有机肥减量施氮的作用效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):124-133. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张昊青 于昕阳 翟丙年 金忠宇 马臣 王朝辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西 杨凌 712100; 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD23B04）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503124）；国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项（Z225020803） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探讨陕西渭北旱地冬小麦有机无机配施的减氮效应及机理,于2011年10月至2014年6月在陕西省渭南市白水县进行了连续三年的田间小区定位试验,探究不同氮肥用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg N·hm~(-2))与有机肥(猪粪30 t·hm~(-2))配施对冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率(NUE)、土壤硝态氮残留及土壤养分的影响,明确当地最适宜的有机无机配施比例。结果表明:有机无机配施处理的产量、地上部吸氮量和NUE较单施化肥处理分别提高6.9%、29.3%和34.3%,且以有机肥与150 kg N·hm~(-2)氮肥配施处理效果最佳;有机无机配施显著改善0~20 cm土壤养分状况,土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别较单施化肥处理提高6.1%、8.2%、90.4%和94.8%,但当施氮量大于150 kg N·hm~(-2)时,配施有机肥显著增加0~200 cm硝态氮残留量(43.7~188.8 kg·hm~(-2)),加大硝态氮淋溶风险;有机肥分别与75、150 kg N·hm~(-2)氮肥配施相比单独施用150、225 kg N·hm~(-2)氮肥处理在产量上无显著差异,却显著提高了NUE(27.4%和45.3%),并降低60 cm土层以下硝态氮含量。综合上述研究结果,在渭北旱地冬小麦生产中,在有机肥(猪粪)30 t·hm~(-2)的基础上配施75~150 kg N·hm~(-2)的氮肥(有机氮∶无机氮=1∶0.46~0.91),可以保证小麦高产优质,并降低氮素淋溶风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 旱地 冬小麦 有机肥 产量 氮肥利用率 硝态氮残留 土壤有机质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/6/20 0:00:00 |
Reducing N fertilization rate through a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer in Weibei dryland |
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| ZHANG Hao-qing,YU Xin-yang,ZHAI Bing-nian,JIN Zhong-yu,MA Chen and WANG Zhao-hui.Reducing N fertilization rate through a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer in Weibei dryland[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science( J. Agro-Environ. Sci.),2017,36(1):124-133. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Hao-qing YU Xin-yang ZHAI Bing-nian JIN Zhong-yu MA Chen and WANG Zhao-hui |
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| Institution: | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China,College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China,College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China,College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China,College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China and College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | To explore the effect and mechanism of manure on reducing nitrogen(N) fertilizer rates in Weibei dryland, a 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of manure and N fertilizer on winter wheat yield, N use efficiency(NUE), soil nitrate-N residue and soil nutrients in Baishui County. Following a spilt-plot design, the main treatments included two manure application rates:30 t·hm-2(with manure, +M), and 0 t·hm-2(without manure, -M); The sub-treatments included five N fertilizer rates:0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N·hm-2. The results showed that, additional manure increased winter wheat yield by 6.9%, aboveground N uptake by 29.3%, and NUE by 34.4%, relative to that without manure, and the highest values were all recorded in the M+N150 treatment(the combination of manure with 150 kg N·hm-2 fertilizer). The combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizer increased soil organic matter, total N, available P and available K in 0~20 cm layer by a mean of 6.1%, 8.2%, 90.4%, 94.8%, compared to that without manure, respectively. However, when manure was combined with the N rate which exceeded 150 kg N·hm-2, further increase of N rate would lead to an increase of soil nitrate-N residue(43.7~188.8 kg·hm-2), and the risk of nitrate-N leaching. The combination of manure with 75 and 150 kg N·hm-2 N fertilizer resulted in a comparable grain yield with that for applying 150 and 225 kg N·hm-2 fertilizer alone, but increased NUE significantly(The improvement was 27.4% and 45.3%, respectively), and additionally reduced the soil nitrate-N below 60 cm layer. As a result, we concluded that combining manure(30 t·hm-2 pig manure) with 75~150 kg N·hm-2 N fertilizer(organic N:inorganic N=1:0.46~0.91) is recommended for achieving an N efficient and environmental friendly winter wheat farming system in Weibei dryland. |
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| Keywords: | dryland winter wheat manure grain yield N use efficiency soil nitrate-N residue soil organic matter |
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