Dietary fulvic acid effects on survival and expression of immune‐related genes in Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
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| Authors: | Jesús A Fierro‐Coronado Carlos Angulo Arturo Rubio‐Castro Antonio Luna‐González Carlos J Cáceres‐Martínez Cesar A Ruiz‐Verdugo Píndaro Álvarez‐Ruíz Ruth Escamilla‐Montes Héctor A González‐Ocampo Genaro Diarte‐Plata |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro Interdiciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (Sinaloa)‐Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Mexico;2. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico;3. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | The effects of fulvic acid (FA) on survival and immune‐related gene expression were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by immersion. Shrimp were fed with different dietary FA concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg feed) for 20 days (first bioassay) or 8 days (second bioassay, 2 g/kg feed of FA added every 2 days) and then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. In a third bioassay, the expression of three immune‐related genes (translationally controlled tumour protein TCTP], superoxide dismutase SOD] and heat‐shock protein 70 HSP70]) in haemocytes or hepatopancreas of experimental shrimp was measured by real‐time quantitative PCR at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after FA (2 g/kg feed) administration. Fulvic acid increased survival at a concentration of 2 g/kg feed supplied every two days. Interestingly, TCTP gene expression was upregulated, whereas gene expression of SOD and HSP70 was downregulated. In conclusion, dietary fulvic acid improves survival in white shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and modulates the immune response. Therefore, FA merits further evaluation as prophylactic treatment in commercial shrimp farms. |
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| Keywords: | AHPND fulvic acid gene expression
Litopenaeus vannamei
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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