Developmental rates,structural asymmetry,and metabolic fingerprints of steelhead trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) eggs incubated at two temperatures |
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| Authors: | M A Turner M R Viant S J Teh M L Johnson |
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| Institution: | (1) Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory, Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(2) School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;(3) Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(4) Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA |
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| Abstract: | Temperature stress on developing steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated using asymmetry of skeletal characters, fish condition factor, and metabolic fingerprints. Eggs from three
female hatchery steelhead were fertilized by a single male. The eggs from each female were divided into two groups and incubated
at either 8°C or 18°C. Mortality, growth, and condition factor were measured at stage 6 (32 cells), stage 20 (eyed), and stage 21
(caudal flexing). In addition, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to establish metabolic fingerprints of developing eggs at the three
stages. After hatching, all alevins were moved to tanks at 18°C and allowed to develop to 60 days post-emergence (DPE), at
which point they were examined for structural asymmetry. Eggs incubated at 18°C experienced higher mortality, with all eggs
from one hen dying at the higher temperature. Eggs incubated at the higher temperature that did survive hatched as larger
larval fish than eggs incubated at the lower temperature. Fish incubated at the higher temperature exhibited greater structural
asymmetry than fish incubated at the lower temperature. A principle components (PC) analysis of the metabolic fingerprints
indicated that PC1 and PC2 accounted for 60% of the variance in the metabolites. Separation along PC1 corresponded to differences
in developmental stage, and separation along PC2 corresponded to differences in hen. Eggs incubated at 18°C lagged behind
eggs incubated at 8°C along PC1, indicating a potential problem with embryo staging. PC1 scores were highly correlated with
the accumulated thermal units during development, indicating that scores along PC1 were a robust measure of developmental
stage. |
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| Keywords: | Condition factor Embryo Metabolomics NMR Stress Survival Temperature |
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