| 乌江流域土地利用变化的自然因子 |
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| 引用本文： | 许丽婷.乌江流域土地利用变化的自然因子[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(5):319-326. |
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| 作者姓名： | 许丽婷 |
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| 作者单位： | (陕西师范大学, 西安市 710000) |
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| 摘 要： | 自然因素是引起典型山地流域土地利用变化的主要原因,乌江流域作为典型山地流域,明确各自然因子在乌江流域土地利用类型转变中的贡献率,找到关键性驱动因子,从而为合理调整土地利用布局提供借鉴作用。以乌江流域为研究对象,基于时空性和整体性,采用2000年、2010年和2020年三期土地利用数据,综合各自然要素,利用增强回归树模型来分析土地利用变化的自然因子。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年乌江流域土地利用类型变化表现在,林地、灌木地、水体和人造地表面积比重明显增加,耕地、湿地面积显著减少,草地面积变化呈稳定趋势。(2)2000年和2020年对比发现乌江流域中部水体面积扩大,北部林地面积有所增加,东部耕地面积大幅度缩减。草地和灌木地空间变化不明显,呈嵌入式分布。人造地表以东南、西南、东北和西北部增加最为明显。(3)从贡献率方面考虑,降水对草地变化的贡献率最大,坡度对耕地的影响最大,植被类型对林地影响最大,影响湿地最大的自然驱动因子是坡度,气温是制约灌木地发展的最大自然因子,土壤类型对水体变化的贡献率最大,坡度是人造地表变化最大的自然驱动因子。草地变化的特征因子主要是降水、植被类型和气温; 耕地变化特征因子分别是坡度、高程和气温; 林地变化的特征因子是植被类型、高程和气温; 湿地变化的特征因子是坡度; 灌木地变化的特征因子是气温、土壤类型和植被类型; 水体变化的特征因子是土壤类型和植被类型; 人造地表变化的特征因子是坡度和植被类型。
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| 关 键 词： | 土地利用变化 自然因子 乌江流域 增强回归树模型 |
Natural Factors of Land Use Change in Wujiang River Basin |
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| XU Liting.Natural Factors of Land Use Change in Wujiang River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(5):319-326. |
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| Authors: | XU Liting |
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| Institution: | (Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710000, China) |
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| Abstract: | Natural factors are the main causes of land use change in a typical mountainous watershed. As a typical mountainous basin, the contribution rates of various natural factors in the transformation of land use types in Wujiang River Basin were studied, and the key driving factors were found, so as to provide reference for the rational adjustment of land use layout. Based on the three land use data in 2000, 2010, and 2020, from the spatiotemporal and holistic characteristics, we analyzed the natural factors of land use change in Wujiang River Basin by integrating various natural factors and using the boosted regression tree model. The results showed that:(1)from 2000 to 2020, the land uses types of Wujiang River Basin showed that the proportions of forest land, shrub land, water, and artificial surface area increased significantly, the areas of cultivated land and wetland decreased significantly, and the change of grassland area showed a stable trend;(2)the comparison between 2000 and 2020 showed that the water area in the middle of Wujiang River Basin expanded, the forestland in the north increased, and the cultivated land area in the east decreased significantly; the spatial changes of grassland and shrub land were not obvious, which presented the embedded distribution; the increase of the artificial surface was most obvious in the southeast, southwest, northeast, and northwest;(3)in terms of contribution rate, precipitation contributed the most to grassland change, the slope had the largest impact on cultivated land, vegetation type had the greatest influence on forestland, the slope was the biggest natural driving factor affecting wetland, the temperature was the most natural factor that restricted the development of shrub land, and soil type had the largest contribution rate to water change, slope was the biggest natural driving factor of artificial surface change. To sum up, the main characteristic factors of grassland change were precipitation, vegetation type and temperature; the characteristic factors of cultivated land change were slope, elevation and temperature respectively; the characteristic factors of forest land change were vegetation type, elevation and air temperature; the characteristic factor of wetland change was slope; the characteristic factors of shrub land change were temperature, soil type and vegetation type; the characteristic factors of water body change were soil type and vegetation type; the characteristic factors of man-made surface change were slope and vegetation type. |
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| Keywords: | land use change Wujiang River Basin natural factors boosted regression tree |
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