Effects of digestate from anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and emission of CO2 and N2O |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;3. Department of Agrosystems, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 104, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;1. Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic;2. Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain;3. Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;1. Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstraße 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;2. Extension Service for Organic Farming, Schwäbisch Hall e.V., Eckhartshäuserstraße 41, 74532 Ilshofen, Germany;3. Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 23, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;1. University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Chair of Vegetation Ecology, 85354 Freising (Germany);2. Technical University of Munich, Chair of Plant Nutrition, 85354 Freising (Germany) |
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| Abstract: | Anaerobic digestion of animal manure and crop residues may be employed to produce biogas as a climate-neutral source of energy and to recycle plant nutrients as fertilizers. However, especially organic farmers are concerned that fertilizing with the digestates may impact the soil microbiota and fertility because they contain more mineral nitrogen (N) and less organic carbon (C) than the non-digested input materials (e.g. raw animal slurry or fresh plant residues). Hence, an incubation study was performed where (1) water, (2) raw cattle slurry, (3) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/maize, (4) anaerobically digested cattle slurry/grass-clover, or (5) fresh grass-clover was applied to soil at arable realistic rates. Experimental unites were sequentially sampled destructively after 1, 3 and 9 days of incubation and the soil assayed for content of mineral N, available organic C, emission of CO2 and N2O, microbial phospholipid fatty acids (biomass and community composition) and catabolic response profiling (functional diversity). Fertilizing with the anaerobically digested materials increased the soil concentration of NO3? ca. 30–40% compared to when raw cattle slurry was applied. Grass-clover contributed with four times more readily degradable organic C than the other materials, causing an increased microbial biomass which depleted the soil for mineral N and probably also O2. Consequently, grass-clover also caused a ～10 times increase in emissions of CO2 and N2O greenhouse gasses compared to any of the other treatments during the 9 days. Regarding microbial community composition, grass-clover induced the largest changes in microbial diversity measures compared to the controls, where raw cattle slurry and the two anaerobically digested materials (cattle slurry/maize, cattle slurry/grass-clover) only induced minor and transient changes. |
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