| 有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量、土壤肥力及农田氮磷流失的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马凡凡,邢素林,甘曼琴,刘佩诗,黄瑜,甘晓玉,马友华.有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量、土壤肥力及农田氮磷流失的影响[J].作物杂志,2019,35(5):89-924. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马凡凡 邢素林 甘曼琴 刘佩诗 黄瑜 甘晓玉 马友华 |
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| 作者单位： | 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,230036,安徽合肥 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目“水稻主产区氮磷流失综合防控技术与产品研发”(2016YFD0800503) |
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| 摘 要： | 采用田间小区试验,研究不同种类有机肥替代化肥比例对水稻产量、土壤肥力及农田径流氮、磷流失的影响。研究结果表明：50%猪粪有机肥替代化肥处理水稻产量最高,可达10 439.66kg/hm 2,100%、30%、50%有机肥替代化肥处理水稻产量呈依次增加趋势,且猪粪有机肥替代化肥各处理水稻产量均高于秸秆有机肥替代化肥处理;有机肥能有效提高土壤肥力,100%有机肥替代化肥处理土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量最高;单施化肥处理总氮（TN）流失量和流失率最高,分别为9.43kg/hm 2和4.91%,随着有机肥施用比例的增加,稻季农田径流TN流失量和流失率逐渐下降,50%和30%有机肥替代化肥处理TN流失量和流失率较100%有机肥处理显著升高,但猪粪和秸秆有机肥替代化肥处理间差异不显著;100%秸秆和猪粪有机肥处理总磷（TP）流失量和流失率最高,TP流失量分别为1.815、1.732kg/hm 2,TP流失率分别为1.08%、1.02%,50%和30%有机肥替代化肥处理TP流失量逐渐下降,秸秆有机肥替代化肥处理TP流失量和流失率均高于猪粪有机肥替代化肥处理,且有显著性差异。50%猪粪有机肥替代化肥处理在兼顾水稻高产稳产的同时,能够有效降低稻季农田氮素径流流失量和流失率,且维持较低水平的磷素径流流失量和流失率,是一种适宜的资源有效利用、节肥增效的有机肥替代化肥措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机肥 替代比例 土壤肥力 径流流失 水稻产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-04-08 |
Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substituting for Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Soil Fertility and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland |
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| Ma Fanfan,Xing Sulin,Gan Manqin,Liu Peishi,Huang Yu,Gan Xiaoyu,Ma Youhua.Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substituting for Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Soil Fertility and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland[J].Crops,2019,35(5):89-924. |
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| Authors: | Ma Fanfan Xing Sulin Gan Manqin Liu Peishi Huang Yu Gan Xiaoyu Ma Youhua |
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| Institution: | College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China |
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| Abstract: | A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different propertion of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on rice yield, soil fertility and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff in farmland. The results showed that 50% pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for chemical treatment had the highest rice yield, reaching 10 439.66kg/hm 2. Rice yield increased in turn by 100%, 30% and 50% organic fertilizers substituting for chemical fertilizer. Rice yield of pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer was higher than that of straw organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility effectively. The highest content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus was shown in 100% organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer treatment. The single application of chemical fertilizer treatment had the highest total nitrogen (TN) loss and loss rate that was 9.43kg/hm 2 and 4.91%, respectively. With the increase of proportions of organic fertilizers substituting for chemical fertilizers, runoff TN loss and loss rate in rice fields decreased gradually. Compared with 100% organic fertilizer treatment, loss and loss rates of TN of 50% and 30% organic fertilizers substituting for chemical fertilizers increased significantly. However, the difference between the treatments of pig manure organic fertilizer and straw organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer was not significant. Total phosphorus (TP) loss and loss rate were the highest under the treatment of 100% straw and pig manure organic fertilizer, the TP loss was 1.815kg/hm 2 and 1.732kg/hm 2, respectively, and the TP loss rate was 1.08% and 1.02%, respectively. TP loss of 50% and 30% organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizers gradually decreased, and the loss and loss rate of TP by straw organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer were higher than that of pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer, and there was a significant difference. 50% pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for fertilizer treatment could effectively reduce loss and loss rate of nitrogen in runoff in paddy fields while maintaining high yield and stable yield of rice, and maintain a low level of phosphorus in runoff loss and loss rate. It is an appropriate measures of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilization while sustaining effective utilization of resources and saving fertilizers and having enhanced efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | Organic fertilizer Substitution propertion Soil fertility Runoff loss Rice yield |
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