Soil management and traffic effects on infiltration of irrigation water applied using sprinklers |
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| Authors: | Hakim Boulal Luciano Mateos Helena G??mez-Macpherson |
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| Institution: | (1) Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient?ficas, Alameda del Obispo, 14071 C?rdoba, Spain;(2) Departamento de Agronom?a, Universidad de C?rdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 C?rdoba, Spain; |
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| Abstract: | Zero tillage and controlled traffic have been proposed as means for more productive and sustainable irrigated farming. Both
practices affect soil infiltration characteristics and, therefore, should have effects on sprinkler irrigation performance.
This study compared water infiltration and runoff in three sprinkler irrigation tests performed on an alluvial loam soil at
different times during a maize (Zea mays L.)–cotton (Gossypium hirstium L.) rotation under two soil managements: permanent beds with crop residue retention (PB: planting beds maintained unaltered
from year to year) and conventional beds with residues incorporated with tillage (CB: disc and chisel ploughing followed by
rotavator pass and bed forming every year). Traffic was controlled and two types of furrows were distinguished in both tillage
systems: with (+T) and without (−T) wheel traffic. The irrigation tests were performed on maize at full cover, on bare soil
just before cotton sowing and on cotton with 50% ground cover. Infiltration and runoff were affected notably by both traffic
and soil management. The soil under PB infiltrated more water than under CB, and −T furrows more than +T furrows. Considering
the combined treatments, −T furrows in the CB system infiltrated more water than +T furrows in the PB system. A sprinkler
irrigation model for simulating water application and soil infiltration and runoff was formulated. The model was used to analyse
irrigation performance under infiltration characteristic of the CB and PB systems in trafficked and non-trafficked furrows.
Five irrigation performance indicators were used to assess the various combinations of tillage and traffic: Wilkox–Swailes
coefficient of uniformity; application efficiency; deep percolation ratio; tail water ratio; and adequacy. The model was used
to develop operation diagrams and provided guidelines for making irrigation decisions in the new controlled traffic/permanent
bed system and in a standard conventional system. |
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