| 连翘异型花柱植株花芽生长发育与传粉习性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 乔永刚,曹亚萍,贾孟君,王勇飞,贺嘉欣,张鑫瑞,王文斌,宋 芸.连翘异型花柱植株花芽生长发育与传粉习性研究[J].园艺学报,2020,47(4):699-707. |
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| 作者姓名： | 乔永刚 曹亚萍 贾孟君 王勇飞 贺嘉欣 张鑫瑞 王文斌 宋 芸 |
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| 作者单位： | 山西农业大学生命科学学院，山西太谷 030801 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1710800）；山西省高等学校教学改革项目（J2015028，J2017031）；山西省基础研究计划项目（201801D121204） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究异型花柱连翘（长花柱和短花柱）花芽分化与生长发育差异及其传粉习性，利用石蜡切片技术观察连翘花芽分化及发育过程，并进行了授粉试验。5月中旬连翘新梢萌发时，分别取长为1、2、3、4、5和6 mm的异型花柱连翘花芽并制作石蜡切片，对连翘植株的花芽结构进行观察和拍照。连翘花期进行自交、同型与异型杂交授粉试验。结果表明：连翘花芽分化及花器官生长发育过程包括花芽分化期、休眠期、花芽萌动与膨大期、鳞片脱落期、现蕾期、露冠期、开花期；其中花芽分化期可划分为分化初期、萼片原基分化期、花冠原基分化期、雄蕊和雌蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期、花粉粒形成期。开花前1年异型花柱连翘的花芽分化及发育无明显区别；开花当年花芽外层鳞片脱落后，观察到长花柱伸长并明显超过其雄蕊高度，花丝开始发育，而短花柱发育基本完成，花丝快速伸长并超过其花柱。授粉试验结果表明，连翘异型杂交坐果率大于50%，同型杂交坐果率略大于20%，自交坐果率在5%左右，具有自交不亲和的特性。
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| 关 键 词： | 连翘 异型花柱 花芽生长发育 传粉习性 |
Research on Flower Buds Growth Development and Pollination Habits of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly |
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| QIAO Yonggang,CAO Yaping,JIA Mengjun,WANG Yongfei,HE Jiaxin,ZHANG Xinrui,WANG Wenbin,SONG Yun.Research on Flower Buds Growth Development and Pollination Habits of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2020,47(4):699-707. |
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| Authors: | QIAO Yonggang CAO Yaping JIA Mengjun WANG Yongfei HE Jiaxin ZHANG Xinrui WANG Wenbin SONG Yun |
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| Institution: | College of Life Sciences，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu，Shanxi 030801，China |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore flower buds growth and development of Forsythia suspensa heterostyly（long style type and short style type）and its pollination habits，we took advantage of paraffin section and stereomicroscope to observe flower buds differentiation process，and conducted pollination tests of F. suspensa. In the middle of May，we started to take materials when F. suspensa began to sprout young shoots，and the flower buds of heterostyly with lengths of 1，2，3，4，5 and 6 mm were used for paraffin section. From August to the second year before flowering，we observed and photographed the flower buds structure of F. suspensa. We did self-crossing，intramorph and intermorph mating test of heterostyly in the flowering. The results showed that flower buds differentiation and flower organ growth and development process included flower buds differentiation，dormancy，flower buds germination and expansion，flower buds scale abscission phase，squaring period，dew corolla phase，flowering stage. The flower buds differentiation process can be divided into these stages：initial differentiation，sepal primordium differentiation，petal primordium differentiation，stamen and pistil primordium differentiation，pistil and stamen formation，pollen grains formation. One year before flowering，there was no significant difference in flower buds differentiation and development of heterostyly. In the flowering year，after the flower buds outer scales fell off，long style type elongated and exceeded the stamen height，and the filament began to develop，while short style type was basically developed，the filament grew rapidly over style height. The results of pollination experiments showed that the seed setting rate of intermorph mating was more than 50%，intramorph mating was slightly more than 20% and self-crossing was about 5%，indicating the characteristics of self-incompatibility. |
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| Keywords: | Forsythia suspensa heterostyly floral buds growth and development pollination habit |
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