| 瓜类枯萎病生防菌WQ-6的筛选鉴定、发酵工艺优化及防效研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 曹云娥,吴 庆,张美君,尹 翠,高艳明,朱红艳,张文文,李建设.瓜类枯萎病生防菌WQ-6的筛选鉴定、发酵工艺优化及防效研究[J].园艺学报,2020,47(6):1072-1086. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹云娥 吴 庆 张美君 尹 翠 高艳明 朱红艳 张文文 李建设 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021 |
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| 基金项目： | 宁夏回族自治区“十三五”重大专项（2016BZ09-02） |
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| 摘 要： | 为研发对瓜类枯萎病有防治作用的微生物菌剂，以4种枯萎病菌（黄瓜2种、西瓜1种、甜瓜1种）为供试病原菌，采用平板对峙法结合抑制菌丝生长速率法，从蚯蚓堆肥中筛选到1株对4种病原菌均有显著抑制效果的拮抗细菌WQ-6。鉴定发现，WQ-6为暹罗芽孢杆菌（Bacillus siamensis）。通过单因素试验和响应面分析法优化培养条件，获得了菌株WQ-6最适的发酵工艺（葡萄糖30 g ? L-1，蛋白胨30 g ? L-1，硫酸镁1 g ? L-1，甘油1 g ? L-1，磷酸氢二钾1.5 g ? L-1，温度32.2 ℃，装液量19.2%，转速236.2 r ? min-1，pH 6.0，接种量4%，培养时间24 h），使得WQ-6发酵液对枯萎病菌的抑菌直径和抑菌率较优化前分别增加了3.52 ~ 10.45 mm和2.28% ~ 32.16%。黄瓜、西瓜和甜瓜种子发芽和盆栽试验表明，菌株WQ-6使接种枯萎病菌的种子发病率降低了32% ~ 68%，发芽率提高了100% ~ 259.6%，植株病情指数下降了20% ~ 34%。此外，菌株WQ-6发酵液复配蚯蚓堆肥浸提液后，与WQ-6发酵液相比，种子的根长、茎长和活力指数显著提高，对病原菌的防治效果提高了6.78% ~ 36.44%。上述结果表明菌株WQ-6对瓜类枯萎病菌有广谱性防效，并具有良好的促根壮秧能力。
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| 关 键 词： | 瓜类 蚯蚓堆肥 枯萎病 生防菌 响应面分析法 |
Screening，Identification and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Biocontrol Strain WQ-6 to Melon Fusarium Wilt Disease |
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| CAO Yune,WU Qing,ZHANG Meijun,YIN Cui,GAO Yanming,ZHU Hongyan,ZHANG Wenwen,LI Jianshe.Screening，Identification and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Biocontrol Strain WQ-6 to Melon Fusarium Wilt Disease[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2020,47(6):1072-1086. |
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| Authors: | CAO Yune WU Qing ZHANG Meijun YIN Cui GAO Yanming ZHU Hongyan ZHANG Wenwen LI Jianshe |
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| Institution: | School of Agriculture，Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750021，China |
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| Abstract: | In order to develop a microbial agent that can prevent and control Fusarium wilt disease in melons，four pathogens（two for cucumber，one for watermelon and one for muskmelon）were tested，and vermicompost was used as the material to screen biocontrol bacterium strain. A new strain WQ-6 exhibiting antagonism towards all four pathogens tested，was screened out using the methods of plate-confrontation and inhibition mycelial growth and was identified as Bacillus siamensis. Based on single factor test and response surface analysis，an response surface analysis，an optimal fermentation condition for strain WQ-6（i.e. glucose 30 g ? L-1，peptone 30 g ? L-1，magnesium sulfate 1 g ? L-1，glycerol 1 g ? L-1，dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1.5 g ? L-1，temperature 32.2 ℃，liquid-loading rate 19.2%，rotating speed 236.2 r ? min-1，pH 6.0，inoculation rate 4% and cultural time 24 hours）was obtained. Under the optinal condition，the inhibition zone diameter increased by 3.52–10.45 mm and the inhibition rate of pathogens increased by 2.28%–32.16%，as compared to the unoptimized control. The seed germination test（cucumber，watermelon and muskmelon）and pot experiment showed that the strain WQ-6 reduced the disease incidence of seeds by 32%–68%，increased germination rate by 100%–259.6%，and decreased the disease index of plants by 20%–34%. In addition，the WQ-6 fermentation broth（WFB）mixed with water extract of vermicompost significantly enhanced the root length，stem length and vigor index of seeds，and reduced the disease index of plants by 6.78%–36.44%，as compared with WFB alone. These results indicate that the strain WQ-6 has broad-spectrum antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt disease in melons and presents a good option for promoting plant growth. |
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| Keywords: | melon vermicompost Fusarium wilt disease biocontrol bacterium response surface analysis |
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