Use of turkey meal as partial and total replacement of fish meal in practical diets for sunshine bass (Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis) grown in tanks |
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| Authors: | LA MUZINIC KR THOMPSON LS METTS S DASGUPTA & CD WEBSTER |
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| Institution: | Aquaculture Research Center, Kentucky State University, Frankfurt, Kentucky, USA |
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| Abstract: | Economical, nutritious diets for hybrid striped bass (HSTB) are required for the continued expansion and sustainability of this industry. Turkey meal (TM) is a by‐product of the US turkey industry and is a potentially‐valuable local, alternative protein source for use in aquaculture diets because of its excellent nutritional composition and quality. TM may substitute for more expensive fish meal (FM)‐based diets; however, there are no published data with regard to using this ingredient in sunshine bass diets. Therefore, a 16‐week feeding trial was conducted with juvenile (36 g) sunshine bass (Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis) to evaluate growth, feed conversion and body composition when fed diets with decreasing levels of FM (300, 200, 100 and 0 g kg?1) and increasing levels of turkey meal (0, 97, 175 and 264 g kg?1). Four practical diets were formulated to contain 400 g kg?1 protein and similar energy levels. Twenty fish were stocked into each of the 12, 1200‐L circular tanks and were fed twice daily ad libitum. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in final mean weight, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio among treatments, which averaged 363.7 g, 904.3%, 2.02% day?1 and 1.73, respectively. Percentage survival of fish fed diet 4 (0 g kg?1 FM and 264 g kg?1 TM) was significantly (P > 0.05) lower (survival = 88.3%) than fish fed diet 3 (100 g kg?1 FM and 175 g kg?1 TM; survival = 95%), but not different from fish fed diet 1 (survival = 92.5%) and fish fed diet 2 (survival = 93.3%). Fillet weight and amount of abdominal fat were not significantly different among all treatments and averaged 258 and 58 g kg?1, respectively. Fish fed diet 1 (300 g kg?1 FM, 0 g kg?1 TM) and diet 2 (200 g kg?1 FM and 970 g kg?1 TM) had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower hepatosomatic index (2.83 and 3.01, respectively) than fish fed diet 4 (3.33), but not different (P > 0.05) compared to fish fed diet 3 (3.14). Lipid in the fillet of fish fed diet 2 (197 g kg?1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than fish fed all other diets; and the percentage lipid in the fillet of fish fed diet 1 (126 g kg?1) was significantly lower than fish fed diets 2 and 4, but not different (P >0.05) compared to fish fed diet 3. Fillet moisture, protein and ash were similar among fish fed all diets and averaged 748, 798 g kg?1 and 51.0 g kg?1 (dry‐matter basis), respectively. The amino acid composition of fillets was similar among all treatments with a few slight significant differences. Results from the present study indicate that tank‐grown sunshine bass can be fed a diet containing 264 g kg?1 TM with 0 g kg?1 FM, compared to diets containing up to 300 g kg?1 FM, without adverse effects on weight gain, growth rate, feed conversion and body composition. Further research should be conducted using lower‐protein diets to determine minimum protein level for tank‐grown sunshine bass. |
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| Keywords: | fish meal replacement Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis soybean meal sunshine bass turkey meal |
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