| 秸秆-粪便属地化微贮制肥工艺参数优化 |
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| 引用本文： | 王铁军,王瑞丽,孙军德,宫元娟,王铁良.秸秆-粪便属地化微贮制肥工艺参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(2):251-257. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王铁军 王瑞丽 孙军德 宫元娟 王铁良 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.沈阳农业大学水利学院，沈阳 110866;2.沈阳农业大学工程学院，沈阳 110866;3.沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院，沈阳 110866 |
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| 基金项目： | 辽宁省教育厅重点项目（LSNZD201707）；辽宁省高等学校科学研究经费项目（LSNFW201909）；辽宁省自然基金指导计划项目（2019-ZD-0706） |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决中小散种养户农业废弃物污染环境、属地化利用率低问题,提出一种因地制宜利用属地秸秆和畜禽粪便进行微贮腐熟工艺生产有机肥或土壤改良剂。以玉米秸秆和牛粪为肥源物料,以种子发芽指数为腐熟效果的检测指标,试验确定肥源物料配比、物料含水率、压缩比、微生物菌剂施用量、腐熟时间关键工艺参数的适宜取值范围,结果表明,肥源物料配比为15%~35%、物料含水率为45%~60%、压缩比为25%~50%,且微生物菌剂施用量临界值为0.5‰、腐熟时间达到24 d时,微贮肥料的腐熟效果较好。通过三元二次回归正交旋转组合试验,分析关键工艺参数对腐熟效果的影响并对参数进行优化,建立了微贮制肥腐熟效果特性参数与各因素之间的回归模型,分析表明,各因素对种子发芽指数的影响主次顺序为:物料含水率>压缩比>肥源物料配比。对优化后工艺参数进行试验验证,确定出最优工艺参数:在施用1.5‰微生物菌剂量、腐熟32 d,物料含水率为60%、压缩比为39.50%、肥源物料配比为23%,微贮肥料种子发芽指数达到96.52%,此条件下生产的腐熟肥料可以达到有机肥国家标准,实现就地、就近、就便利用秸秆和畜禽粪便。该研究结论为属地规模化微贮生产有机肥及配套装备设计提供了理论基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 废弃物 秸秆 粪便 属地化制肥 微贮工艺 参数优化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/9/16 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/1/20 0:00:00 |
Parameter optimization of the small-scale compost technology with localization maize stover and livestock manure |
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| Wang Tiejun,Wang Ruili,Sun Junde,Gong Yuanjuan,Wang Tieliang.Parameter optimization of the small-scale compost technology with localization maize stover and livestock manure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(2):251-257. |
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| Authors: | Wang Tiejun Wang Ruili Sun Junde Gong Yuanjuan Wang Tieliang |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;2.College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;3.College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China |
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| Abstract: | This study aims to propose a feasible production technology for organic fertilizer or soil amendments using small-scale compost decomposing with local straws and livestock manure.The technical procedure included the straw flilamentization,material mixing,compression molding,and small-scale compost decomposing.The compost production was transformed from transporting materials to moving equipment,from decomposing and then forming to bagging and then decomposing.The fertilizer production technology can contribute to enhance the local utilization rate of agricultural wastes from small and medium-sized scattered farmers,as well as the mechanization during composting and decomposing effects.The appropriate fertilizer source material ratio and compression ratio were selected under the different material moisture content to prevent water pollution of livestock manure.The special microbial compound agents were added to control the maturity time,and thereby regulate the release of odorous gases.The corn stalks and cow dung were used as fertilizer sources.The seed germination index(GI)was selected as the detection index for the maturity effect of composting.The experimental factors were set for the small-scale compost production,where the key process parameters included the ratio of fertilizer source materials,material moisture content,the compression ratio,application number of microbial agents,and the maturity time.A single factor experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate range of experimental factors.A better maturity effect of small-scale compost fertilizer was achieved,where the critical value of applied microbial agent was 0.5‰,the fertilizer source material ratio was 15%to 35%,the material moisture content was 45%to 60%,the compression ratio was 25%to 50%,and the maturity time reached 24 days.A combination experiment of ternary quadratic regression and orthogonal rotation was performed to optimize the influence of key process parameters on the maturity effect of compost fertilizer.A regression model was established between the seed germination index and various factors.The analysis showed that the primary and secondary order for the influence of various factors on the seed germination index was:material moisture content>compression ratio>fertilizer source material ratio.There were significant effects on seed germination index(P<0.05)in the correlation of fertilizer source material ratio and compression ratio,and the correlation of material moisture content and compression ratio.The optimized process parameters were verified by the field experiments.An optimal combination of process parameters was determined to be the application of 1.5‰microbial bacteria dosage,maturity for 32 days,the material moisture content of 60%,the compression ratio of 39.50%,and the material ratio of 23%.In this case,the seed germination index of small-scale compost fertilizer reached 96.52%,where the detection of indicators can meet the national standards for organic fertilizer and the requirements of agricultural production,while,the local straw and livestock manure can be nearby used conveniently.The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the local compost of organic fertilizer on a small scale,further to design the supporting equipment in low-carbon agriculture. |
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| Keywords: | waste stover manure localization fertilizer production small-scale compost technology parameter optimization |
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