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The importance of colonizing and non-colonizing aphid vectors in the spread of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in cowpea |
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| Authors: | G I Atiri D A Enobakhare and G Thottappilly |
| Institution: | a Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria b Entomology Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria c Virology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria |
| Abstract: | Three species in the genus Aphis (A. craccivora, A. spiraecola and A. gossypii) transmitted cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAMV) efficiently to and from cowpea, bean and soybean host plants. Rhopalosiphum maidis and Cerataphis palmae also transmitted the virus, but less efficiently. In the field, only Aphis spp. colonized cowpea plants. R. maidis and C. palmae were non-colonizing, but were occasionally found transitory in fields. A. craccivora was the most abundant vector on cowpea both in the first and second growing seasons. Aphids were more abundant and virus disease-infection rate correspondingly faster in the wetter first growing season than in the second one. Although R. maidis and C. palmae may cause primary loci of infection, they may also bring about limited secondary spread, as they alight repeatedly on non-hosts (cowpea plants) during host finding. However, colonizing Aphis spp. would mainly be responsible for secondary spread within the field. It is concluded that both colonizing and non-colonizing aphids are important in the epidemiology of CAMV, and control measures should be directed against both types of vectors. |
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